Different categories of events really
Tradgic events that did immense harm to the study of antiquities
But could you imagine what Judaism and the world would have been like if the Temple hadn’t been destroyed? I’ve read some “what if” essays that speculate that is would have withered away or remained an isolated, local religion. WE would probably never have seen the development of the rabbinical/Talmudic tradition of questioning and struggling with issues that is one of the corner stones of modern thinking
What would then have been the effects on Christianity…on Islam?
And the Library at Alexandria would have been a wonderful place to study in
But without it the west was forced to rediscover a lot of knowledge and break the mold of the ancient world.
Without both losses the renaissance, the enlightenment, and the scientific method as we know it would not have developed