No, you’ve got it backward. It’s the other groups that took names, in order to distinguish themselves from the Catholic Church. The word “Catholic” means “Universal” and exists to describe the very Church without any distinctions that we will be in heaven and hope to be on earth.
That’s what I said.
(So-called) heretics often regarded themselves as Catholics - the Arians thought of themselves as Catholics, because there were already, before Arius, other groups claiming to be Christian, which both Arians & their “Catholic” critics regarded as heretical. Those whom we call Catholics differed from the Arians only by including the Arians in the set of heretics. Both Arius & his opponent Athanasius would have regarded Marcion and the Marcionites as heretics, therefore, not as Christians. To be the one, entailed not being the other. Athanasius merely happened to think that Arius was as much a heretic - therefore, as much a non-Christian - as both would have thought Marcion & the Marcionites to be.
The Orthodox call themselves Catholics, though we Romans do not call them that. Neither we nor the Orthodox call the Copts Catholic - but the Copts do. The Assyrian & Armenian Churches call themselves Catholics. In fact, over on the Orthodox forum there is a lot of grumbling at the Roman appropriation of the Catholic name, precisely because the Orthodox regard us as heretics; therefore, as having no right to call ourselves Catholics.
In heaven these distinctions will be needless, because only men need them - God, Who sees us as we really are, does not.
As for Catholic being a name:
tertullian.org/fathers/pacian_1_letter1.htm
“And yet, my brother, be not troubled; **Christian is my name, but Catholic my surname. The former gives me a name, the latter distinguishes me. **By the one I am approved; by the other I am but marked.”
So:
- It is a name
- It is a means to distinguish one man from another - IOW, it is name which functions as a description; which is what names are meant to do. Millions of men are called John - so they need to be distinguished one from another; so they have surnames.
So with the Church - it valued doctrine, so it wanted to distinguish those whom it regarded as holding false doctrines from those in communion with itself, who hold true doctrine. So the description “catholic” became the name “Catholic”, to mean someone who, unlike those false Christians, those heretics & schismatics & apostates, was in the true Church and the true faith, & had access to genuine & fruitful sacraments. ##
Which is why everyone will be Catholic.
“Catholic” isn’t a name, it’s a description.
Jeremy