An agnostic science would mean that there “could be a God” who created things out nothing, created laws, sustains and directs processes in a miraculous manner which science can never comprehend, created life, the human soul and more.
Actually it would hold the perspective that there could be a God or gods, but that they are completely outside the scope of science, and that therefore we should not be discussing them in a scientific context.
So an agnostic science would have to keep that option open. It couldn’t just state that there was no God and no possibility that God created things from nothing. That is far different than atheistic science - certainly.
‘Science’ is not concerned with theism, atheism, or
religious agnosticism. The existence of the divine is simply not germane to the subject.
If God created the natural laws, science would need to admit that. Obviously, the nature of God, His wisdom, His justice, His perfections – all of that would be reflected in the laws He created.
Maybe they are. What matters to science is not what attributes of God are displayed in Creation – that’s what things like the Kabbalah are for. Science is concerned with what they do, not with what they represent.
Science as we know it really did come from the Christian worldview. Science as based on other religions and philosophies came up with different results.
Actually it came just as much from Islamic, Hindu, and Taoist/Buddhist/Confucian (Chinese) worldviews. Western civilization had no number zero until they made contact with the Middle East. And no, it doesn’t have different results: if you pour bleach into ammonia, your religion doesn’t matter – you’d better be wearing a gasmask.
If science can only discuss the physical world on empirical data, then science really can’t discuss the origin of the universe – since that occurred before there was physical matter to study. Additionally, it strains the concept of science to discuss something like the origin of life since it cannot be strictly empirical – nobody was around when it happened.
According to the latest theories, there was a Singularity (an infinitely dense point, a cosmic unknown) from which matter and energy came; this is where science starts operating. Before that, science has no information to work with, or any reason to be concerned about it. If you want to make theological conjectures there, feel free to do so.
As to the origin of life, no, we weren’t there with our microscopes and our scalpels – but we can trace back from what we have
now.
But this doesn’t stop a lot of scientists from giving theories about the origin of the universe and the evolution of life from non-living matter. That seems like an abuse of science to me.
It isn’t. Both the formation of the universe (after the Singularity) and of life can be researched with what information is available about those events – and there’s a lot. It’s hardly an ‘abuse’ to take what we have and carefully extrapolate and hypothesize, then experiment to test those hypotheses: that’s the scientific method.