I thank you for your thorough response, Spock. The clarity in your words was much appreciated.
Love: a positive emotion, which must be accompanied by acts to substantiate the claim of “love”
All right. Perhaps you may need to flush this definition out a bit more for me … but, if I’m not mistaken, when you mean a
“positive” emotion, you mean an emotion that inclines one to be helpful to others rather than harmful. Right?
Now, as a side note, which you don’t have to accept, Christians as well as many pagan philosophers claimed that there existed
at least two different kinds of love. Namely,
rational love and
sensual love. Rational love pertains to the
will, while sensual love pertains to
emotions/passions. We are bifurcated in that sense. Sometimes, the will and the emotions can be at odds, in which case we either work to reorient our emotions (somehow) to go along with what our will wants, or we can have our will give into the emotions. In other words, emotion is not the only kind of love … there’s the will … but you might not agree with that … and that’s fine … for now. We don’t have to get into it at the moment … possibly.
Good (morally good): A positive action which is aimed at being helpful to others. It is not necessary that one be helpful at his own expense.
I think I agree with this.
Evil: A negative action, which is aimed at harming someone else, without proper justification. Causing deliberate pain is not necessarily evil. However the causation of pain must be balanced by some “good”, which cannot be achieved without the pain, and when pain is inflicted, it must be kept at the absoloute minimum necessary. (Complex, but it cannot be helped).
Yeah, I think I’m on board with you on this one too. I think.
Now, the real key to our disagreement, I think, is something you mentioned in the definition of “good” … you said good has to be “helpful” to somehow.
I ask, what do you mean by this? It could mean various things … for example,
it could mean assisting one to become a better person, or it could mean
assisting them to do something that they want. If “helpful” means aiding one to become a better human being, then the question is “what is a good human being” … a question for the philosophy of human nature (a complicated one, but one I’m prepared to discuss). On the other hand, if “helpful” means aiding one to do something that they want (i.e. that they
consent to do), then some very
interesting things result. For example (taking your example), if someone wants and consents to being cannibalized, then it is
good if you cannibalize them (because you are helping them in something they want). However, if “helpful” means aiding one to become a better human being … do you think cannibalizing someone makes them a better human being? Hmm. This idea of “consent” determining what is good or not is a little flaky if “helpful” (in your definition of good) means “assisting one to become a better human being.” Likewise, if you mean helpful as assisting in another’s goal, then all kinds of consensual horrible things are necessarily good.
If you believe this (that it is a person’s consent is the basis for determining what is good for person), then you contradict yourself when you say:
People engage in all sorts of activities which harms them. Smoking would be an example.
According to what you said earlier, however, smoking isn’t evil (even though it may be harmful). On the contrary (according to you), because if a person consents to smoking, then it is good, because as long as you consent to something, it is by definition good (according to you).
However, if you think that good is linked to whether something is objectively harmful or not, then consent is not really an important issue in the matter. Not even pleasure. For as you said, smoking is evil because it is harmful, even though it is pleasurable and [most of the time] consented to.
So, I would ask you to clear up what you’re saying here.
However, as long as they harm only themselves and not others, it is no one else’s business.
Maybe. I won’t go too deep into this yet. However, would you say though that something could be evil and yet not a person’s business? Like, even if consensual cannibalism is nobody’s business, would you still say cannibalism is evil? My point is that, you seem to be changing the subject
from determining what constitutes an evil action to
what constitutes someone else’s business.
Important caveat: The lack of good is not evil, the lack of love is not hate. It is incorrect to see the world in pure black and white. Evil is the opposite of good, not the lack of good. I think this distinction is something that causes my lack of understanding. I consider the black-and-white world view as fundamentally incorrect and irrational.
Good question. It took me awhile to figure out this one in my life. First of all, on a somewhat related but possibly needlessly distracting point, your use of the terms “positive” and “negative” are a bit ambiguous in your previously mentioned definition of good and evil (unless you mean simply that negative mean “doing harm” and positive mean “not doing harm” or something like that). Originally, until the 20th century, I think, the “negative” of something mean “the absence of” something, and “positive” meant the presence or reality of something. All words with prefixes like “un-” (and similar ones) were negative words because they negated something rather than included something. It doesn’t mean the “un-” words were linked to evil, necessarily. But whatever.
However, if you agree that positive means “the presence/reality of something” and that negative means “the absence of something,” then you should agree that evil is the absence of good, since you said evil was negative and good was positive … or not? Perhaps you need to elaborate or qualify some previous statements.
Thank you, again, for replying so diligently.