Okay - I didn’t have the time to read through all this, but I will add my two cents.
I went to public school, but have nieces and nephews who went to an amazing Catholic school. Now, this particular school may be a rare exception, but I wish I had been able to go to such a school, but my parents could not afford it (I’m from a large family). At this Catholic school the parents are all on the same page as the teachers and administrators - the Catholic faith is the highest priority (although it’s academics are top notch too). The culture is a polar opposite of the public school that I went to. I was shocked the first time I went to a school event (a play or graduation) - as I encountered a gym full of well-adjusted, confident, intelligent, friendly young Catholic men and women. I have another sibling who’s kids went to public school, nice kids, but they have taken on many progressive values and have fallen away from the faith sadly - even though their parents are strong Catholics who taught them the faith at home. I also have family several family members who are teachers, including in public schools. They are on the front lines dealing with the progressive agendas being pushed. Obviously there are great teachers in public schools too, but I think the point is, there is sooooo much today that promotes a false understanding of our world and good and evil - so you need to do absolutely everything in your power to help your kids to overcome these influences. If you have a really good Catholic school that truly promotes a lived faith, this is a treasure beyond words. I wish I had had this. If in your life circumstance you do not have this option of sending your child to a faith-filled environment, then you need to work even harder to make sure your child has the foundation necessary to keep the faith despite so many influences that work counter to it. Bottom line, as kids grow into young adults, they need to really know down to their core that this Catholic stuff is all true, that this God who loves us really did leave a Church for us. The foundation needs to be strong and intellectual in order to withstand all that will be thrown against them. So I say, engage your kids as adults as soon as you can, giving them the meat of the Faith, and don’t just assume they will passively come to accept it just by doing all the regular Catholic things, like going with you to Mass every Sunday. I pray for all Catholic parents these days, you have a tough job!