Yes, after decades as a Catholic, I have a good idea what the Church says. There is another, for me, much more believable hypothesis: What is called the “fall” is a description of the development of the kind of awareness that humans use to distinguish themselves personally from the world around them. What we “fell” out of was animal instinct and the “eden” of that simple state. In other words, the “fall” was the birth of our ability to discriminate, or a step up in the evolution of awareness. Second, we discovered that we can’t know everything and actually made a lot of things up in the effort to survive. So we became aware of our own ignorance. Third, we had the ability to make choices, so we made those on the information we had, and very often were wrong. So instead of acting instinctively with no thought, we were slowed by consideration. That had to be overcome by learning and training. A modern example of this is how people go into denial in many emergencies. The people who act competently in those emergencies are the ones who went through one form of training or another. Some would call that training “spiritual.”
Yes, Jesus does symbolically embody the solution in the story of His life, death and resurrection. There are books that explain why and how that is, so I won’t go into that now, but it is important to go past mere belief and devotion in the area that that symbology is felt to be pertinent to. As you say, that is a life long effort, continuing even after one realizes that they cannot be separated and never were from their real nature. One’s persona will never be and cannot be perfect, as it is temporary for these dimensions.
The religious way you describe is very useful to many who persist, convinced that there is an ultimate goal and reward of salvation. There are wonderful examples of this, such as St. John of the Cross, St Teresa of Avila, St Catherine of Sienna, Meister Eckhart, St. Francis of Assisi, and many others. If what I have said seems contradictory to that, it really isn’t. It is simply that the language symbology in many institutions has become, to my best observation, overly complicated as exemplified by the post above. It just isn’t that complicated if one looks deeply. But that is still work!