Grammatico Historical discussion of John 6

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st_felicity

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I don’t wanna hijack another thread (probably too late) so I’m starting a new thread…Please join us!!!

For those not familiar–this is from the “How sufficient is the Scripture” thread in the Apologetics forum.
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Originally Posted by st_felicity
Enough OT–Explain John 6 to me in your BiblicalHistoricalGrammat icalCultural Hermaneutics–Protestants say Jesus WASN’T speaking literally, but the disciples who turned away thought that he was–To interpret otherwise is imparting meaning that does not fit your criteria.
Don’t tell me the disciples misunderstood what He was saying–God would not let anyone lose their soul because of a “misunderstanding”–He is a merciful God.
And if the Church is right about that…:cool:
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michaelp:
You know that this would get us off track don’t you. Do you really want to go here. Are you REALLY open minded to listen to what I would say, or are you preset to disagree with my conclusions?
 
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michaelp:
You know that this would get us off track don’t you. Do you really want to go here. Are you REALLY open minded to listen to what I would say, or are you preset to disagree with my conclusions?
I am interested in listening to what you say. I cannot agree to being “open minded” because that usually implies that either I agree or I am being close-minded–but I will listen…Do you think I have been close minded thus far?
 
OOPS…Probabbly should have given the basics of Michael’s method–here’s the quick primer:
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michaelp:
Once a person finds out what the text meant then, only then is he or she prepared to discover what it means for all time (timeless principles). Once once finds out what it means for all time, he or she can apply it to the contemporary audience. So . . .
  1. Find out what it meant to the original audience.
  2. Extract the timeless principles to find out what it means to the timeless audience.
  3. Apply the timeless principles into a contemporary situation.
For example, take the third commandment (second for you):

This commandment is not to take the Lord’s name in vain.

Step one:
Without getting into the lexical and grammatical issues, lets try to understand it from a historical perspective. In the culture which the Israelites lived people used to use the name of their god in hexes, curses, and blessings in order to give validity to what they were saying. In other words, they would use their god’s name to accomplish a set goal. They may want to curse someone so they would say, “In the name of Baal, you will be cursed.” Or “In the name of Baal, this will happen.” It could have been something as simply as this. “Baal says that we should not go to war.” Or “Baal say that it will not rain.”

This common practice of invoking the name of your God on something in order to make it valid was what God did not want the Israelites to do. They should never use God’s name to validate or “give power” to a statement.

Step 2:
Naturally and self-evidently coming from this is the timeless principle which says thus: God is very protective of His reputation. People should not use God’s in a statement to give it validity. This would be using His name in a worthless manner (in vain). Essentially, Don’t say that God has said something He did not say.

Step 3:
Today, we should not use God’s name to give any teaching absolute validity if we don’t know for certian that it is from Him. Do not say, "Thus sayeth the Lord, if you are not infallibly certian that the Lord said something.

I have had people come up to me and say, “The Lord told me this . . .” This is taking His name in vain, attempting to gain validity to a statement by invoking His holy name.

You see, it does have timeless truth and application, ONLY after you have gone through the first step. This is historical-grammatical-literary hermeneutics.

Michael

 
I am afraid I can only give excerpts which do little justice to the original papers. However, links are provided so that you can read for yourself. Patton has written some more about his hermeneutics. Much more actually, but here is one excerpt from his blog:

How to Perform a Gnostic Bible Study
I believe that Gnosticism, at least in the West, is the biggest problem in conservative Christianity today. To make a very complex subject overly simple, Gnosticism is a ancient Greek philosophy that separates the world into two categories: good and evil.

All that is evil is associated with the mundane existence of a material world. All that is good is that which transcends the material world, being spiritual in nature. Therefore, Gnostics believed that the body, being material, was inherently evil.

They believed that the earth and creation was evil. They believed that our goal was to transcend this material existence in every discipline of life thus escaping the mundane. The ultimate redemption would come at death when our spirits would finally be released from our body…

most Christians are reading the Bible with a subjective hermeneutic. They read the text as if there is some secret hidden underlying meaning in the text. This hidden meaning is the true “spiritual” meaning that transcends the ordinary physical reading.
Earlier he had written in Why did He let them walk away?
John does not even record the last supper. All the other Gospel writers do. Obviously a literal interpretation of John 6 to foreshadow something that had not happened yet (the last supper) as being essential for eternal life would have been recorded if that is what John believed Christ to mean. What an oversite by John!

In fact, since John is the only author that did not record the last supper, he seems to be trying to take emphasis away from it. Many commentators (even non-Christian) suppose that he does not record it because by the time of writing (A.D. 90+), there was too much emphasis being placed on the Lord’s supper. Something to think about.
Therefore, it is very far-feached to say that in John’s mind, a literal eating and drinking of Christ body and blood are essential for salvation when he wrote the only book in the NT that explicitly says it is written for the purpose of salvation and he does not even include the Lord’s supper.
Now Scott Hahn has also dug into history and he comes up with a conclusion diametrically opposed to that of Patton:

The Fourth Cup
…There are four cups that represent the structure of the Passover… Now what’s the problem? The problem is that… after the third cup is drunk Jesus says, “I shall not drink again of the fruit of the vine until I am entering into the kingdom of God”…

The sacrifice begins in the upper room with the institution of the Eucharist and it ends at calvary… Calvary begins with the Eucharist. The Eucharist ends at Calvary. But in another way of thinking, it ain’t over yet! …

Paul tells us in 1 Corinthians 5:7-8, “Christ our Passover lamb has been sacrificed, let us therefore celebrate the feast” What feast? The whole Passover feast. It’s not complete yet. What do you mean?

Well, go back to the Old Testament, to the book of Exodus. Suppose that night as head of my household and father, I sacrificed an unblemished lamb with no broken bones, and I sprinkled his blood on the door post, and then I said, "Family, we’re safe, let’s go to bed’, and we went to bed.

I’d wake up in the morning to tragedy. My firstborn would be dead. Why? You had to eat the lamb.
Is Patton’s Authorial Intent Hermeneutic of John 6 a gnostic reading disguised in the language of the academy of scholars? Does Patton actually go to step 2 in correctly discerning the eternal message which goes beyond the historical message? Does Hahn?
 
Having just come out of a discussion in another Forum on this exact subject, I am very interested in seeing this hashed out here.

I managed at one point to pin down some on the fine point that if Christ allowed these people to walk away because of some misunderstanding, then that is deception on Christ’s part.

Taking the literal meaning in John 6 is the only way to keep Christ honest.😉

Not knowing a whole lot more of the discussion (that apparently originated on another thread) I’ll step back now.
 
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vz71:
Having just come out of a discussion in another Forum on this exact subject, I am very interested in seeing this hashed out here.
I concede that there is a lot of reading at the links I have given above. Here is a summary of one aspect of that discussion:

Who Interprets tradition: From a curious Evangelical

It’s a long thread too. But posts #220 to #231 sum up authorial intent hermeneutic (AKA grammatico historical hermeneutic) as it is applied by some folks.
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vz71:
I managed at one point to pin down some on the fine point that if Christ allowed these people to walk away because of some misunderstanding, then that is deception on Christ’s part.
Well exactly. But some folks are big on Calvinist predestination, aren’t that concerned with doing an end run around free will, and so do not see a problem with allowing the disciples to walk away with a lack of understanding.

How ever did you manage to pin folks down? That is quite a feat. Do you have a link to the forum on which you were discussing John 6? There are a lot of them here at CAF.
 
How ever did you manage to pin folks down? That is quite a feat. Do you have a link to the forum on which you were discussing John 6? There are a lot of them here at CAF.
Only some.
Once I was able to get agreement that the Jews present there were disgusted over what Christ was saying, The idea that Christ let them walk away under a misunderstanding logically came next. A few conceded that they could not answer, but “knew” there was an explanation somewhere.
Others pointed to Pharaoh in the book of Exodus as an example of God hardening someone’s heart. So this deception was not really so as God had full knowledge and knew these people would leave no matter…etc.🤷

There are some that simply will not see.
 
Only some.
Once I was able to get agreement that the Jews present there were disgusted over what Christ was saying, The idea that Christ let them walk away under a misunderstanding logically came next. A few conceded that they could not answer, but “knew” there was an explanation somewhere.
Others pointed to Pharaoh in the book of Exodus as an example of God hardening someone’s heart. So this deception was not really so as God had full knowledge and knew these people would leave no matter…etc.🤷

There are some that simply will not see.
Christ often spoke cryptically to unbelievers and those who were doubting what he was saying. Many times refusing to accept his words and throwing their hands in the air. Is there any reason to believe he did not do this here?
How could they possibly understand what he was trying to say to them considering it would be months before the eucharist would be instituted? Would they have any idea of what he would do when it was instituted? Give this, I don’t see how they could have understood what he was saying.

While I, confessionally speaking, believe absolutely in the “real presence” of Christ in the eucharist, I believe here Jesus is using imagery to convey ideas about faith in who He is claiming to be.
I believe the preceding context of his sermon bear this out.
 
Others pointed to Pharaoh in the book of Exodus as an example of God hardening someone’s heart. So this deception was not really so as God had full knowledge and knew these people would leave no matter…etc.🤷
Well for those people to be like Pharoah, they would have already had to have made a decision against Jesus. But they were disciples of Jesus, not anti-Christians!
 
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TheLutheran1:
Christ often spoke cryptically to unbelievers and those who were doubting what he was saying.
Can you give us some examples please? Thank you.
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TheLutheran1:
How could they possibly understand what he was trying to say to them considering it would be months before the eucharist would be instituted?
  1. Because they were being asked to choose. For them to choose they would have to have known what they were choosing.
  2. They were provided with the Real Presence in the Person of Jesus.
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TheLutheran1:
While I, confessionally speaking, believe absolutely in the “real presence” of Christ in the eucharist, I believe here Jesus is using imagery to convey ideas about faith in who He is claiming to be.
How can you believe confessionally in the Real Presence and yet believe Jesus is using imagery? Here are a few ideas on metaphor and parallelism which do not negate the Real Presence:

We know He was not using symbolism because He says at the beginning of this story that the disciples are not looking for symbols. So why would he give them a snake or a rock when they were asking for bread?

He was however using metaphor. But many people have a faulty understanding of metaphor. Metaphor does not mean that something is not real. It means that it is real:
Metaphor. A comparison which imaginatively identifies one thing with another dissimilar thing, and transfers or ascribes to the first thing (the tenor or idea) some of the qualities of the second (the vehicle or image). Unlike a simile or analogy, metaphor asserts that one thing is another thing, not just that one is like another. Very frequently [but not always] a metaphor is invoked by the to be verb.
metaphor: 1533, from M.Fr. metaphore, from L. metaphora, from Gk. *metaphora *“a transfer,” especially of the sense of one word to a different word, lit. “a carrying over,” from metapherein “transfer, carry over,” from meta- “over, across” (see meta-) + pherein “to carry, bear” (etamonline.com).
And He was using parallelism: The reason the disciples left is the same reason the apostles stayed. Why do I say that? Parallelism. Jesus sets up the parallelism by noting that some left and some stayed.

The apostles stayed because:

68 Simon Peter answered him, "Master, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life.

69 We have come to believe and are convinced that you are the Holy One of God.

The disciples left because:

(parallell to 68) They had other people they would rather hang out with; other people who had other words, such words referring to things other than eternal life.

(parallel to 69) While they did come to believe and were convinced that Jesus was the Holy One of God, they placed no value on this experience.
 
Can you give us some examples please? Thank you.
Sure. Classically this is demonstrated in the parables he told. All of which, while symbolic, had real actual meaning. He only deciphered this meaning to the twelve in most instances. The mass of listeners he spoke to, however, were often left in the dark, with Christ relying on the work of the Spirit in interpreting His words.
Another example of this would be John 3. Nicodemus clearly has no idea that Christ is speaking of baptism. Nor does he explain it to him.
  1. Because they were being asked to choose. For them to choose they would have to have known what they were choosing.
  2. They were provided with the Real Presence in the Person of Jesus.
  1. This assumes that they know he is saying that one day in the future Christ will institute a means by which they can eat of his flesh and drink of his blood. They still would have had no idea what they were choosing because it wouldn’t even have entered their minds. They have been missing most of what Jesus has been saying for the previous 30 or 40 verses, not just the bread of life discourse. Much like Nicodemus in John 3, they take his words literally and because of this miss his entire point. Just like with Nicodemus, Jesus doesn’t correct their misinterpretation, he only further reiterates the point he is making. This is demonstrated in many other passages of John as well.
  2. And this relates to bread and wine, how?
How can you believe confessionally in the Real Presence and yet believe Jesus is using imagery?
Simply because I do not think the Real Presence is the subject of this passage. It is faith in Him and what He was sent to do. As one other poster pointed out, John doesn’t even make reference to the institution. The main point of John’s gospel is, as he later states, “that you may believe in Christ, and have life in his name.” If the point of the gospel is that very thing, for what purpose would he include a reference to communion in John 6, and then not even bother to include the actual communion narrative?
Rather, John includes this story to demonstrate the object of our faith, so that we may believe in him. Christ is using the imagery of eating and drinking in comparison to believing in his name, just as with the woman at the well, when he compares believing in him to drinking from living water.

When it comes to the communion passages, the Real Presence is clearly demonstrated in Matthew, Luke, and the letters to the Corinthians. While I sympathize with people who view John 6 in this way, in order to further argue for the truth of his body and blood in the sacrament of the altar, over and against those sacramentarians who deny it, I don’t think it’s necessary to maintain even in an apologetic sense.
 
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TheLutheran1:
Sure. Classically this is demonstrated in the parables he told. All of which, while symbolic, had real actual meaning.
But did he not always say when he was using non-metaphoric figures of speech and when he was not. In John 6 he reiterates exactly what he means many times.
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TheLutheran1:
He only deciphered this meaning to the twelve in most instances. The mass of listeners he spoke to, however, were often left in the dark, with Christ relying on the work of the Spirit in interpreting His words.
We don’t know this. You are not taking into account the Real Presence of Jesus and the impact of the Logos on the understanding of those present. Jesus often spoke to the crowds through the questions of the few.
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TheLutheran1:
This assumes that they know he is saying that one day in the future Christ will institute a means by which they can eat of his flesh and drink of his blood. They still would have had no idea what they were choosing because it wouldn’t even have entered their minds.
Again you are discounting the Real Presence of Jesus, the impact of the Logos on the understanding of those present. They were being asked to make a choice. For them to choose without knowing exactly what they were choosing would make Jesus a trickster – which he was not.

He came so that ALL may be saved – not just those who were smart enough not to be tricked or stubborn enough to stick it out or desperate enough not to look for someone else to follow around.
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TheLutheran1:
And this relates to bread and wine, how?
Um… we are talking about John 6 and the bread and wine of the Eucharist. I believe I have already given a link to Hahn’s The Fourth Cup.

And that is another thing. These folks in John 6 were his disciples. They already had been listening to his teachings. They likely knew about the Passover Lamb and that he was connecting Himself thereto. It’s not that they didn’t know what Jesus was saying. It’s that they had no use for it.
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TheLutheran1:
Simply because I do not think the Real Presence is the subject of this passage. It is faith in Him and what He was sent to do.
Well, that is one aspect of the passage.
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TheLutheran1:
As one other poster pointed out, John doesn’t even make reference to the institution.
Does he have to? Hahn points out that the readership of that time would have been completely conversant with the concept of the fourth cup and that Jesus takes the fourth cup not at the Institution but at the Cross. If you will notice, Jesus only takes three cups at the Last Supper.
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TheLutheran1:
When it comes to the communion passages, the Real Presence is clearly demonstrated in Matthew, Luke, and the letters to the Corinthians. While I sympathize with people who view John 6 in this way, in order to further argue for the truth of his body and blood in the sacrament of the altar, over and against those sacramentarians who deny it, I don’t think it’s necessary to maintain even in an apologetic sense.
We’ve gone over all this in:
Why did He let them walk away?

Your comments about the Real Presence, Eucharist, Paschal Lamb, and so on would be better posted on that thread. While your comments about the application of grammatico historical hermeneutic – now Patton calls it authorial intent hermeneutic – are good on this thread. Thank you.

🙂
 
Simply because I do not think the Real Presence is the subject of this passage. It is faith in Him and what He was sent to do.
How can’t it be? He is talking about himself, and the work one must do to be given this “bread” in the future which he identifies with himself personally. I’ll admit that Jesus doesn’t give a sign in wine to the disciples while making his points, but the bread is there – and the context of the discussion is the promise of a new bread/meat in the future.
John 6:26 Jesus answered them and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, You seek me, not because you saw the miracles, but because you did eat of the loaves, and were filled.
John 6:27 Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that meat which endureth unto everlasting life, which the Son of man shall give unto you: for him hath God the Father sealed.
John 6:28 Then said they unto him, What shall we do, that we might work the works of God?
John 6:29 Jesus answered and said unto them, This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent.
A metaphor – to carry after – is certainly being used. The Eucharist does not share the visible appearance of Jesus’ earthly body, so that this singular difference in appearance would seem to make the statement metaphorical by itself. There is the added complication that at the time Jesus made the statement, his flesh was not yet glorified as it is now.

But because something is metaphorical, does not mean it is purely symbolic. It means that two different things share either likenesses or identites on some points – particularly in effects.

One can explain a complex subject using metaphor far more quickly than drawing out all the gory details. In this limited sense, I agree it is metaphorical – Jesus wasn’t speaking of cannibalism because in contrast to normal flesh which is destroyed when gnawed on – the flesh Jesus speaks of is not destroyed.

Here in John, no such information is granted. Jesus simply tells them the facts, and without explaining – demands belief. They are left to think about the problem themselves, and to bring their own history to bear on the questions.
 
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