A habit is not just a “piece of cloth” but a statement. What that statement is interpreted to be is debatable, as we see here. It is for sure a statement of your vocation and commitment. Personally, I don’'t care if sisters wear casual clothes off duty, but when they are acting in their official capacity, they should wear nuns clothes. This “problem” has not surfaced with priests wearing their official clothes; why is it with sisters? No one held a gun to their heads and said, “Put on that habit!” They knew what they were getting into from the get-go. My conclusion is that this “problem” is with a few who just want to complain about something, and bishops too afraid to be frank with them for fear of appearing to be beating up on a few “defenseless” females.
Your conclusion is not at all possible. Bishops do not have any authority to tell religious who are exempt what to wear. Bishops only have authority over diocesan religious. If a bishop welcomes a religious community into his diocese, he must accept them as they are at the time of admission to the diocese. If they make changes that are considered internal, as is the case with the habit, a bishop may not interfere. This applies to male and female communities. Nor may a bishop close down any house of exempt religious. That is called supression. Supression is allowed only to the pope. Once the constitution of a religious community of Pontifical Right is approved by the Holy See, the local bishop may not make any demands on that community outside of those constitutions.
If the Holy See approves a community without a habit, the bishop may not demand that it wear a habit. A bishop has the right to deny admission to his diocese to any religious community that applies for it. He may not expel from his diocese a community that was admitted by a predecessor.
There is one thing that a bishop can do. A bishop is an employer. Like any employer, he can have a dress code for his employees. In that dress code he can say that those communities that have a prescribed habit must wear it. This dress code would only apply to those religious who work for the diocese. Let’s take something like Franciscan University.
Franciscan Unniversity is inside a diocese, but it is not own or operated by the diocese. The Third Order Regular Franciscan Friars are the highest authority on the campus, not the bishop. If the friars allow religious to teach in shorts and t-shirts, the bishop cannot intervene. By the way, I’ve never seen them teach in shorts and t-shirts. That was just an example.
Here is another example. Take the Franciscans . . . any of the 114 branches of the order. We all have some kind of habit. However, many friars never wear it or wear it rarely. They usually wear a Roman collar. The Roman collar is not our habit. It’s not even mentioned in the constitution or the rule. Yet, people don’t bat an eyelash. Why not? It’s not the Franciscan habit. It does not even tell anyone that you’re a religious. It doesn’t even tell anyone whether you’re ordained or not. The Roman collar is worn by priests, brothers and seminarians. It’s worn by Catholics and Protestants.
This is a good example of how people are confusing their desire to see some kind of external religious gar and a habit. If people really wanted a habit, they would protest when a Franciscan, Carmelite, Dominican, Norbertine, Servite, Trinitarian, Benedictine or Augustinian walks down the street in a Roman collar or shows up to work in one. This is not their habit and it certainly does not set them apart as religious. When we put on a Roman collar we look like any secular priest or Protestant pastor.
People have to really think about what they would like to see and word it correctly. They must also think about what is proper to each religious institute and to each diocese. Finally, before making generalizations about the authority of a bishop, people need to learn what are the rights of a bishop over religious and what are the rights of a religious superior over the bishop.
There was a diocese that found itself facing a shutdown of three parishes and four schools without notice, because of this. The bishop demanded a habit. The major superior told the bishop that the consitutions did not call for a habit and that these constitutions were approved by Pope Paul VI. The bishop was not agreeable and tried to command the major superior. THAT went over like the atom bomb. One day, people went to mass and kids went to school to find the churches locked and the schools devoid of religious. The superior packed up his religious and pulled them without warning the bishop or the laity.
In a school that I know, the pastor tried to get the sisters to do something that they said was not in their constitution. After hours and hours of dialog, nothing. There was no agreement. The pastor finally said, “We’re going to do this.” The next day, the sisters were gone. They called their major superior and she told them to pack their bags and return to the motherhouse.
I believe this was a little dramatic. A letter of resignation would have been nice and the polite thing to do. However, people don’t always do the nice and the polite thing when they are being bullied. Many bishops, pastors and administrators learned from these experiences. This was in the 1970s. No one has tried to push a religious superior like that again, at least not in this country.
It’s good to engage in dialog. It’s great to share what one wants and needs. It’s important to listen to the other person. It’s charitable to try to give as much as one can for the good of others. At the end of it all, it is divine to accept the parameters with which we have to work. That’s real love.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
