Since the poster “Qoeleth” insists on misrepresenting the meaning of the term “world” as used by various New Testament writers, I decided to present additional lexical facts so no one will be misled by “Qoeleth’s” remarks, which are based solely on critically flawed private interpretations of the Bible.
Accordingly, there are three different Greek words, which typically get translated into English as “world.” These words transliterated are kosmos, aion, and oikoumene. Each of these words is used with specific and intended variations in meanings, depending on the NT writer and the context, as is shown below in some detail.
1. World
kosmos primarily “order, arrangement, ornament, adornment” 1_Pet_3:3, is used to denote,
(a) the “earth,” e.g., Matt. 13;35; John_21:25; Acts_17:24; Rom_1:20 (probably here the universe: it had this meaning among the Greeks, owing to the order observable in it); 1_Tim_6:7; Heb_4:3; Heb_9:26;
(b) the “earth” in contrast with Heaven, 1_John_3:17 (perhaps also Rom_4:13);
(c) by metonymy, the “human race, mankind,” e.g., Matt_5:14; John_1:9 [he “that cometh (RV, ‘coming’) into the world” is said of Christ, not of “every man;” by His coming into the world He was the light for all men]; 1_John_3:10; 1_John_3:16,17 (thrice), 1_John_3:19; 1_John_4:42, and frequently in Rom. 1 Cor. and 1 John;
(d) “Gentiles” as distinguished from Jews, e.g., Rom_11:12,15, where the meaning is that all who will may be reconciled (cp. 2_Cor_5:19);
(e) the “present condition of human affairs,” in alienation from and opposition to God, e.g., John_7:7; John_8:23; John_14:30; 1_Cor_2:12; Gal_4:3; Gal_6:14; Col_2:8; James_1:27; 1_John_4:5 (thrice); 1_John_5:19;
(f) the “sum of temporal possessions,” Matt_16:26; 1_Cor_7:31 (1st part);
(g) metaphorically, of the “tongue” as “a world (of iniquity),” James_3:6; expressive of magnitude and variety.
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2. World**
aion “an age, a period of time,” marked in the NT usage by spiritual or moral characteristics, is sometimes translated “world;”. always has “age.” The following are details concerning the world in this respect; its cares, Matt_13:22; its sons, Luke_16:8; Luke_20:34; its rulers, 1_Cor_2:6,8; its wisdom, 1_Cor_1:20; 1_Cor_2:6; 1_Cor_3:18, its fashion, Rom_12:2; its character, Gal_1:4; its god, 2_Cor_4:4. The phrase “the end of the world” should be rendered “the end of the age,” in most places; in 1_Cor_10:11, AV, “the ends (tele) of the world,” “the ends of the ages,” probably signifies the fulfillment of the Divine purposes concerning the ages in regard to the church. In Heb_11:3 [lit., “the ages (have been prepared)”] the word indicates all that the successive periods contain; cp. Heb_1:2. Aion is always to be distinguished from kosmos, even where the two seem to express the same idea, e.g., 1_Cor_3:18, aion, 1_Cor_3:19, kosmos; the two are used together in Eph_2:2, lit., “the age of this world.”
3. World
oikoumene “the inhabited earth”, is used
(a) of the whole inhabited world, Matt_24:14; Luke_4:5; Luke_21:26; Rom_10:18; Heb_1:6; Rev_3:10; Rev_16:14; by metonymy, of its inhabitants, Acts_17:31; Rev_12:9;
(b) of the Roman Empire, the world as viewed by the writer or speaker, Luke_2:1; Acts_11:28; Acts_24:5; by metonymy, of its inhabitants, Acts_17:6; Acts_19:27;
(c) the inhabited world in a coming age, Heb_2:5.
Notes:
(1) In Rev_13:3, AV, ge, “the earth”, is translated “world.”
(2) For phrases containing aionios, e.g., Rom_16:25; 2_Tim_1:9; Titus_1:2,