David, I think the history and reasoning is flawed here. The OT priesthood was a foreshadowing of the New priesthood established by Christ. The Hebrew priesthood could not offer valid sacrifices, just the blood of animals and a sincere heart. The Early Church did indeed have a priesthood very very early on. Crack open the Didache and read it. It an early second century worship manual of sorts and it points toward the sacrificial nature of the priesthood, discusses liturgy and worship, sacrifice, the Eucharist, etc. I’d also encourage you to read the Early Fathers, all of whom believed in a priesthood, not a mere council of elders in a presbyterian model. In the very primitive Church the Christians were in a cocoon of sorts. They were still worshipping in the synagogue and things were in their infancy. We see presbyteros used interchangeably with episkopos, etc. But very, very quickly we see differentiation. Episkopos is the bishop, the ultimate shepherd. The presbyteros helps the bishop. With time and the outrageous growth (thanks be to God!) of the parishes, bishops could no longer handle performing every wedding, every baptism, every Eucharistic celebration, so they started delegating some of it to the presbyterate.
Don’t you find it odd that in the East (Orthodox) lands there is a sacrificial priesthood so early AND in the West (Catholic) there is a sacrificial priesthood, then in the Coptic lands, and on and on? There is not one community that had a Calvinist/Presbyterian elders/pastors model that you can point to in the second century?
Also, regarding your reference to the High Priest being Christ Jesus, presumably from Hebrews, you’re correct. Jesus is our only HIGH priest. And you’re right, we’re all priests, but not as you think. The clerical priests of Catholicism, Orthodoxy, etc. merely share in the same priesthood of Christ and are an extension of his Sacramental power through humanity. We are the body of Christ as the Church. Through the clergy Christ’s priesthood lives, breathes, sacrifices Himself for us, forgives us, baptizes us, counsels us, etc. The priesthood of all believers in Catholicism refers to the vocation we all have as Christians to teach, preach the Good News, be fishers of men, good examples, and stewards of Christ’s sacraments as well. But we are not ordained and able to convey these channels of grace as individuals. Paul talks about how each person has a unique vocation, ability given by God, and purpose. But these gifts differ. The ministerial priesthood and the priesthood of the laity are two different dimensions of one sublime Saviour’s desire for us.