GLantern:
Philosophers do in fact change their mind in light of other philosopher’s writings. Are you trying to say they don’t?
No, certainly not. I’m saying it doesn’t meaning anything apart from persuasion when they do. When Einstein assented to atomism, it didn’t change anything for the theories in question – they performed as they performed, no matter what Einstein thought. But at least in the case of science, the practitioners have an objective point of reference with which to align their understandings. They are (putatively) corrigible to empirical performance, and new objective evidence. Kant was not. Or, more precisely, to the extent he was (I can think of a couple examples of this, as it happens), he is a “scientific philosopher”, not your garden variety philosopher.
When Kant, previously a disciple of Wolf and Leibniz, read Hume and “woke up from his dogmatic slumber”, was he just playing politics?
No, and my use of that word isn’t meant to suggest they are cynical. I don’t suppose they are/were, as a rule (while some surely were, but that’s beside my point). By political, I mean that conflicts and disputes are NOT resolved, or resolvable in some data-driven, objective way. Conflicts are only resolved through persuasion, volition, coercion, violence.
Kant doesn’t have any objective context for saying his persuasion was “progress” beyond “I’m persuaded”. He may have “regressed” for all he and we know. And we don’t know, can’t know, because “knowing” like that is not a meaningful concept in (non-scientific) philosophy.
Now this is interesting, philosophy needs as its basis the objective grounding that science provides. How do you prove this? (I’m not trying to do some “Aha! You’re using philosophy” type thing by the way)
Science has no objective grounding in the sense of ultimate justification. It is a research program, a metaphysical gamble. Pure philosophy insofar as that goes. It’s only valuable to those who
subjectively value performance and liability to real-world experience. If you don’t think evidence matters, as a value stance, then science isn’t gonna do it for you. Science only obtains in minds that philosophically value empirical performance, predictive power, and liability to falsification. It’s a juggernaut of progress and discovery the likes of which the world has never seen if you
do, value those things, but if you don’t, science may just as well be astrology or theology.
You treat “perfect nihilism” and “perfect post-modernism” as if they are synonymous with “false” or “worthless”. Why is that?
I don’t. “False” is at least meaningful, a concept that says something concrete about the world. Theology and philosophy aren’t even ‘false’ in any non-subjective sense. Philosophy is “not even wrong”. Science can be false, and is the stronger for it. What is “wrong theology”? It’s whatever you subjectively disagree with, of course!
Philosophy, as impoverished as it is that way, is not “worthless”. It’s necessary, crucial for human society, nevertheless. Philosophy is necessary to get
to science, as I discussed a bit above. Maybe one way to appreciate philosophy’s worth as well is to understand that out of the chaotic epistemic nihilism of traditional philosophy comes something like science. Even if you don’t buy that as a value prop, philosophy is valuable, necessary, just because it’s the way humans work out their individual and social values.
To be honest this position sounds similar to those that say that the Bible is to be used as the objective grounding for all knowledge lest one slip into nihilism.
That would be a different kind of nihilism. In the “Bible or nothing” case, the fear was about (the more common sense of) ‘nihilism’ where all
meaning and
values were thus destroyed. Philosophy, per my thesis here, is
epistemically nihilist, meaning that it denies knowledge. Every philosophy is just as “true” as any and every other (and the same goes for theology).
That said, though, the Christian who claims that without the Bible we are all bobbing in a sea of subjectivity is right about everyone else. He’s just confused about his own position, which is just the same as everyone else’s. He’s just indulging a conceit, in thinking his subjective appraisal of the Bible as “objectively true” is an objective appraisal. Note above that I’m under no such conceit; the value of scientific knowledge
is a subjective value commitment. Unless and until one chooses to value the metaphysical premises of science and its epistemology, it’s not valuable.
-TS