Were not those who left told to do so by the leaders of the neighboring Arab countries who wanted Palestinians out of harm’s way while Arab and Jewish forces were engaged in combat?
At the time of the 1948 war, Arabs in Israel were invited by their fellow Arabs – invited to “leave” while the “invading” Arab armies would purge the land of Jews.1 The invading Arab governments were certain of a quick victory; leaders warned the Arabs in Israel to run for their lives.2
In response, the Jewish Haifa Workers’ Council issued an appeal to the Arab residents of Haifa: [See Official British Police Report ]
For years we have lived together in our city, Haifa… Do not fear: Do not destroy your homes with your own hands … do not bring upon yourself tragedy by unnecessary evacuation and self-imposed burdens… But in this city, yours and ours, Haifa, the gates are open for work, for life, and for peace for you and your families."3
Since 1948 Arab leaders have approached the Palestine problem
in an irresponsible manner… they have used the Palestine
people for selfish political purposes. This is ridiculous and,
I could say, even criminal.
– King Hussein of Jordan, 1960
Since 1948 it is we who demanded the return of the refugees… while it is we who made them leave… We brought disaster upon … Arab refugees, by inviting them and bringing pressure to bear upon them to leave… We have rendered them dispossessed… We have accustomed them to begging… We have participated in lowering their moral and social level… Then we exploited them in executing crimes of murder, arson, and throwing bombs upon … men, women and children-all this in the service of political purposes … [36]
– Khaled Al-Azm, Syria’s Prime Minister after the 1948 war
After the Arabs’ defeat in the 1948 war, their positions became confused: some Arab leaders demanded the “return” of the “expelled” refugees to their former homes despite the evidence that Arab leaders had called upon Arabs to flee. [Such as President Truman’s International Development Advisory Board Report, March 7, 1951: “Arab leaders summoned Arabs of Palestine to mass evacuation… as the documented facts reveal…”] At the same time, Emile Ghoury, Secretary of the Arab Higher Command, called for the prevention of the refugees from “return.” He stated in the Beirut Telegraph on August 6, 1948: “it is inconceivable that the refugees should be sent back to their homes while they are occupied by the Jews… It would serve as a first step toward Arab recognition of the state of Israel and Partition.”
A prominent Arab Palestinian strategist, AI-Haytham Al-Ayubi, analyzed the efficacy of Arab propaganda tactics in 1974, when he wrote:
The image of Israel as a weak nation surrounded by enemies seeking its annihilation evaporated [after 1967], to be replaced by the image of an aggressive nation challenging world opinion.* 17
- As Rosemary Sayigh wrote in the Journal of Palestine Studies, “a strongly defined Palestinian identity did not emerge until 1968, two decades after expulsion.” It had taken twenty years to establish the “myth” prescribed by Musa Alami.18]
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