History of the Big Bang

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I am not asking my question clearly, sorry!

If my readings are correct, dark matter and dark energy make up about 95 percent of the known universe.

In the 1950s we did not know about dark matter and dark energy.

Furthermore, our ability to see into space has also grown.

How much bigger is the universe actually compared to what the thought in the 1950s?

Thanks!

Also, how does this effect the math of the original concepts of the Big Bang?

Again, thanks!
 
Alberti_Devoveo said:
Earth was created about 4.5 billion years ago at a distance from the sun that is not much different from the current distance of 1 AU (astronomical unit, about 1.5x10[sup]13[/sup] cm). Light from the sun’s surface would have taken about the same 8 minutes it does now.
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so how much further away is the sun from the earth due to shrinkage alone over those billions of years and what speed did and does heat travel at - btw still no protective water canopy - winc
 
Jim_Baur said:
I am not asking my question clearly, sorry!

If my readings are correct, dark matter and dark energy make up about 95 percent of the known universe.

In the 1950s we did not know about dark matter and dark energy.

Furthermore, our ability to see into space has also grown.

How much bigger is the universe actually compared to what the thought in the 1950s?

Thanks!

Also, how does this effect the math of the original concepts of the Big Bang?

Again, thanks!
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Be careful about saying, “dark matter and dark energy make up about 95 percent of the known universe.” What you mean to say is that dark matter and dark energy make up about 95 percent of the mass-energy content of the universe. While probably the same meaning is inferred from non-scientists, it is incorrect to say it as you did.

If I am not mistaken, most cosmologists presumed a linear expansion (i.e., R[sub]h[/sub]~ct) prior to our knowledge of dark energy. Since we have proven it is an exponential expansion, it is significantly larger. What the precise value is, I cannot say.

Does this accelerated expansion affect the math of the big bang? No, it does not.
 
winc said:
so how much further away is the sun from the earth due to shrinkage alone over those billions of years and what speed did and does heat travel at - btw still no protective water canopy - winc
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I presume you have limited, if any, knowledge of physics; your reading comprehension is not much better either. I clearly stated in the response that you quoted that the distance between earth and the sun is about the same now as it was in the beginning. There was no shrinkage in any manner.

“Heat” travels via thermal interactions between particles, so roughly the root-mean-square velocity of the atoms in question (primarily hydrogen) which you could roughly estimate to be something like 200,000 cm/s give or take 100,000 cm/s (depends on temperature).
 
Alberti_Devoveo said:
I presume you have limited, if any, knowledge of physics; your reading comprehension is not much better either. I clearly stated in the response that you quoted that the distance between earth and the sun is about the same now as it was in the beginning. There was no shrinkage in any manner.

“Heat” travels via thermal interactions between particles, so roughly the root-mean-square velocity of the atoms in question (primarily hydrogen) which you could roughly estimate to be something like 200,000 cm/s give or take 100,000 cm/s (depends on temperature).
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I read somewhere that some scientists at night when it is cooler go up regularly and measure the sun - I dont believe this but think it is just another con - winc
 
winc said:
I read somewhere that some scientists at night when it is cooler go up regularly and measure the sun - I dont believe this but think it is just another con - winc
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If it is night, there is no sun to ‘go up measure.’ However, there is the Solar Dynamics Observatory, which is a satellite that was launched about 2 years ago, observes the sun in several different wavelengths all the time. So there is some truth to your comment.
 
Alberti_Devoveo said:
Earth was created about 4.5 billion years ago at a distance from the sun that is not much different from the current distance of 1 AU (astronomical unit, about 1.5x10[sup]13[/sup] cm). Light from the sun’s surface would have taken about the same 8 minutes it does now.
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does light have its origin in the sun,so is the speed of light estimated or calculated as of and from the sun - winc
 
winc said:
does light have its origin in the sun,so is the speed of light estimated or calculated as of and from the sun - winc
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Some light is originated from fusion reactions in the sun, others from fusion reactions in other stars. Still others from the lightbulbs around the world. Anything you see is either emitting or reflecting light.

As far as I know, the speed of light was never derived from the sun’s light. Mostly because we cannot tell when a photon left the sun and arrived at the earth. We can, however, measure the time it takes for a photon emitted by a laser beam to reach some distance away.
 
Alberti_Devoveo said:
Some light is originated from fusion reactions in the sun, others from fusion reactions in other stars. Still others from the lightbulbs around the world. Anything you see is either emitting or reflecting light.

As far as I know, the speed of light was never derived from the sun’s light. Mostly because we cannot tell when a photon left the sun and arrived at the earth. We can, however, measure the time it takes for a photon emitted by a laser beam to reach some distance away.
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I read awhile ago that Einstein stated that he would spend the rest of his life trying to find out what light was - it seems he must have kept it to and for himself - winc
 
Doesn’t the acceleration in the expansion rate of the universe muddy the waters, so to speak, with respect to a “big crunch”? In fact, it would appear that the hypothetical scenario of a sequence of big crunches and big bangs has become even a little more uncertain due to the acceleration factor. Of course, such a scenario may not have had much credibility anyway.
 
winc said:
I read awhile ago that Einstein stated that he would spend the rest of his life trying to find out what light was - it seems he must have kept it to and for himself - winc
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The properties of the photon are fairly well documented, but the philosophical ‘what’ is probably what he meant.
 
levinas12 said:
Doesn’t the acceleration in the expansion rate of the universe muddy the waters, so to speak, with respect to a “big crunch”? In fact, it would appear that the hypothetical scenario of a sequence of big crunches and big bangs has become even a little more uncertain due to the acceleration factor. Of course, such a scenario may not have had much credibility anyway.
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The accelerated expansion does put some big question marks with regards to the big crunch. However, there is speculation that the critical density to stop the accelerated expansion has not yet been reached but could be reached well in the future. At this critical density, the universe will stop expanding and, after some more time, will start collapsing.
 
The accelerated expansion does put some big question marks with regards to the big crunch. However, there is speculation that the critical density to stop the accelerated expansion has not yet been reached but could be reached well in the future. At this critical density, the universe will stop expanding and, after some more time, will start collapsing.
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What is this “critical density”? 🤷

Since the universe is expanding the density is decreasing.
 
levinas12 said:
Doesn’t the acceleration in the expansion rate of the universe muddy the waters, so to speak, with respect to a “big crunch”? In fact, it would appear that the hypothetical scenario of a sequence of big crunches and big bangs has become even a little more uncertain due to the acceleration factor. Of course, such a scenario may not have had much credibility anyway.
Click to expand...
Maybe the universe will end in a ‘big freeze’ and not a ‘big crunch’. 👋:eek:
 
empther said:
What is this “critical density”? 🤷

Since the universe is expanding the density is decreasing.
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It’s a critical density in the small limit, not a large limit; thus, we are approaching it as we expand.

Numerically, something like 10[sup]-29[/sup] g/cm[sup]3[/sup]. We currently have a density of about 10[sup]-26[/sup] g/cm[sup]3[/sup]. According to big crunch theories, once we reach this density the expansion should stop.
 
tabycat said:
Maybe the universe will end in a ‘big freeze’ and not a ‘big crunch’. 👋:eek:
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Probably neither! God will end life long before either would occur and the saved would be living in Heaven!
 
What was the original formula that defended or inspired the push for the String Theory?

What was the original use of that formula?

Thanks!
 
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