Holy Mass in the Catholic Encyclopedia

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I tried to collects the Catholic Encyclopedia articles related to the Holy Mass

divinumofficium.com/www/missa/PartsofMass.html

The articles have plenty historical resources.

The advantage of this approach is that the Catholic Encyclopedia was written in the time when
  • St Pius X just started the liturgical reform which ultimately lead to changes by and after Vatican II
  • the Holy Mass itself was still unchanged in the Tridentine form
so we can trust that the opinions in the articles are unbiased.

My conclusions are
  • the Mass was not regulated by Rome until St Pius V, every diocese or area formed the Liturgy according to their own customs
  • it was St Pius V who codified the liturgy and extended it to the Western World, with minuscule exceptions
  • the changes made after 1955 are not more radical than the changes codified by St Pius V related the 1st millennium’s forms of the Mass. The recent (1960’s) changes mostly revived previous forms.
 
I tried to collects the Catholic Encyclopedia articles related to the Holy Mass

divinumofficium.com/www/missa/PartsofMass.html

The articles have plenty historical resources.

The advantage of this approach is that the Catholic Encyclopedia was written in the time when
  • St Pius X just started the liturgical reform which ultimately lead to changes by and after Vatican II
  • the Holy Mass itself was still unchanged in the Tridentine form
so we can trust that the opinions in the articles are unbiased.

My conclusions are
  • the Mass was not regulated by Rome until St Pius V, every diocese or area formed the Liturgy according to their own customs
  • it was St Pius V who codified the liturgy and extended it to the Western World, with minuscule exceptions
  • the changes made after 1955 are not more radical than the changes codified by St Pius V related the 1st millennium’s forms of the Mass. The recent (1960’s) changes mostly revived previous forms.
I am not sure what you are refering to. It is easy enough to demonstrate that the Roman Canon, until post-Vatican II, was based upon and rooted in already long established ancient usages and liturgies, which can be scholarly dated all the way back to the 4th century, with no reason not to believe the original formulas were even of Apostolic origin and design. The ancient division between the two greater parts of the liturgy was “the Mass of the Catechumens” and “the Mass of the Faithful.” This division, for example, hails back to the times of the Roman persecutions.

The difference is the Novus Ordo is the first form of Mass in the Roman Church to be produced by scholarly-historical reasons and standards ; whereas, in times past, what was always codified and promulgated by the Popes, by explicit order of a Council (i.e. Trent), was an already ancient and established canon, with few exceptions, those exceptions being certain and specific additions to the already fixed, codified and promulgated canon by certain, later Popes. By consequence of promulgating a codified and fixed canon, certain regional or local novelties/customs would have to be removed or done away with by the very establishment of a fixed, codified canon, but these canons were never themselves novel (they replaced novelties) and were based upon the already long established practices and liturgy of the Church in Rome.

The post-Vatican II liturgists desired to re-create an ancient liturgy believed to have existed in very early Christian antiquity, but this does not mean the already established canon did not have these same credentials of antiquity : it did, and this was already well known to scholars, and easily demonstrated. Notwithstanding, the Holy Father and a synod of Bishops did approve of the new mass, and His Holiness, Pope Paul VI, proceeded to promulgate it.

Pax Christi,
Tim
 
I am not sure what you are refering to. It is easy enough to demonstrate that the Roman Canon, until post-Vatican II, was based upon and rooted in already long established ancient usages and liturgies, which can be scholarly dated all the way back to the 4th century, with no reason not to believe the original formulas were even of Apostolic origin and design. The ancient division between the two greater parts of the liturgy was “the Mass of the Catechumens” and “the Mass of the Faithful.” This division, for example, hails back to the times of the Roman persecutions.
Exactly this is the opinion of the Catholic Encyclopedia article too. Keep in mind that along with the Roman Canon there were and partially are Milan, Toledo, Sharum, Strigoniense and many other canons too; also thet the Canon is very important but only part of the Mass, cannot be identified with the whole mass.
The post-Vatican II liturgists desired to re-create an ancient liturgy believed to have existed in very early Christian antiquity, but this does not mean the already established canon did not have these same credentials of antiquity : it did, and this was already well known to scholars, and easily demonstrated. Notwithstanding, the Holy Father and a synod of Bishops did approve of the new mass, and His Holiness, Pope Paul VI, proceeded to promulgate it.
I have no proof what was the desire of the post Vatican II Liturgies. Please inform me, what is your source for your bold and definite statement. I am ready to learn

What I know for sure, what was the catechesis about the changes in the time of the introduction and what is the change defined by the Paul VI Missal and GIRM related to the previous form of the Mass. Let me explain it using the 1967 form of the Mass as basis:
  • the Confiteor is slightly changed there is just one (as was before Trident in many places acknowledging that when the point is the sins the priest is same with us: sinner)
  • the Lectionary was changed according to the order of the Council, to expand the amount of the Scriptures read in regular basis.
  • the Offertory (which originates in the late medieval eves even in Rome; see Offertory article)) is changed, the Tridentine form being clear duplication unclear anticipation that the host is immaculate and has purifying power before the consecration. About this later please Read the Lavabo article as proof that even in the 18th Century (Benedict XIV) some Churches read only part of the required psalm. I suppose they did not agreed that they are innocent as the psalmist says.
  • the words of the Consecration are changed to emphasize (by the words of our Lord Jesus Christ and from the Tridentine context) that the Eucharist is also meal, and omitting from the text the ‘mysterium fidei’ which has no biblical basis, putting it to the context.
  • From the three prayers as the priest prepares himself to communion 2 are omitted, also only one is kept from the 3 Domine non sum dignus.
  • also one on the priest’s after communion prayers is omitted, together with the Placeat tibi Sancta Trinitas
Above that are the changes made between 1955 and 1967, and the variations in the penitential rite and canon, which originally were recommended for special occasions only but unfortunately squeezed out the Confiteor and the Roman Canon. This is the decision of the priest and hopefully will be reversed.

The people facing altar was introduced in 1965 as option, out of blue w/o any historical or conciliar precedence, but it is option and not part of the Paul VI missal. I hope sincerely the new generation of the priests will understand that there is no appropriate architecture or reason for that, and the priest should lead the people to Christ.

If you think that there is any change let me know. Please save me from the abuses, I am aware of them knowing that abuse will be abuse regardless of the rite. No rite has magical power to prevent abuses.
 
I tried to collects the Catholic Encyclopedia articles related to the Holy Mass

divinumofficium.com/www/missa/PartsofMass.html

The articles have plenty historical resources.

The advantage of this approach is that the Catholic Encyclopedia was written in the time when
  • St Pius X just started the liturgical reform which ultimately lead to changes by and after Vatican II
  • the Holy Mass itself was still unchanged in the Tridentine form
so we can trust that the opinions in the articles are unbiased.

My conclusions are
  • the Mass was not regulated by Rome until St Pius V, every diocese or area formed the Liturgy according to their own customs
  • it was St Pius V who codified the liturgy and extended it to the Western World, with minuscule exceptions
  • the changes made after 1955 are not more radical than the changes codified by St Pius V related the 1st millennium’s forms of the Mass. The recent (1960’s) changes mostly revived previous forms.
I would recommend reading “The Mass: A Study of the Roman Liturgy” by Fr Adrian Fortescue. This is an excellent book written about 100 years ago. Of course, it doesn’t deal with the changes at Vatican II. Your first conclusion is basically true. My conclusion was that locally the Mass developed in different areas naturally and very organically. Some of it was due to culture and circumstances that were different from one area to another. I could go on but the book really gets into it.

The most interesting part to me was the change in the order of the Canon of the Mass that took place somewhere between 400 to 600 ad. Nobody knows how that happened! They know everything about the changes from 600ad on.

Latin was first recorded as being used in Africa around 200ad. Since it was first recorded then, it probably was used before that.
 
  • the words of the Consecration are changed to emphasize (by the words of our Lord Jesus Christ and from the Tridentine context) that the Eucharist is also meal, and omitting from the text the ‘mysterium fidei’ which has no biblical basis, putting it to the context.
    .
I would like to know how you think the words of Consecration were changed "to emphasize (by the words of our Lord Jesus Christ and from the Tridentine context) that the Eucharist is also meal"?

Also, there are no grounds “on Biblical Basis” for the removal of the *‘mysterium fidei’ *. This was never part of the canon, like other parts on a soley Biblical basis. It was a tradition, which was believed by the Church to have been taught by Christ Himself:

Pope Innocent III (Cum Marthae circa) November 29 - 1202: " In the canon of the Mass that expression *'mysterium fidei", *is found interposed among the words…Therefore we believe that the form of words , as they are found in the Canon, the Apostles received from Christ, and their successors from them." (Denzinger 414-415)

I am not saying that these words are required in the form for validity, but only that they were never handed down on a Scripural basis, but on tradition basis. Also, the context which they now apply to has a completely different meaning. The mystery of faith has always been applied to the mystery of transubstantiation, not to the proclamations such as “Christ has died, Christ has rised, Christ will come again” (from memory - I know there are at least three). These do not seem like “mysteries” to me, but more statements of fact. I have never understood the reasoning for this particular change. Perhaps you or others have an opinion on this?
 
I would like to know how you think the words of Consecration were changed "to emphasize (by the words of our Lord Jesus Christ and from the Tridentine context) that the Eucharist is also meal"?

Also, there are no grounds “on Biblical Basis” for the removal of the *‘mysterium fidei’ *. This was never part of the canon, like other parts on a soley Biblical basis. It was a tradition, which was believed by the Church to have been taught by Christ Himself:
The council of Florence defined the form of the Holy Eucharist

DS 698. … The words of the Savior, by which He instituted this sacrament, are the form of this sacrament; for the priest speaking in the person of Christ effects this sacrament.

Jesus words are recorded differently in the three synoptic Gospels and a further version is given by St Paul. Consequently the Church by his binding and loosing power has the right to select from this words whatever she feels appropriate.

As for the ‘mysterium fidei’ it with certainty is not recoded in the Holy Scriptures (aka Bible)… The Holy Tradition is part of the revelation but different from the Bible.

The new rite included Jesus’ words (from the Bible) Accipite et manducate/bibite into the words of the consecration proper, to emphasize that Jesus’ body and blood is food and drink for us; and kept in the canon but moved after the consecration proper the words which are not from the Bible but from a different source of the revelation, the Holy Tradition.

Please understand that from the 17th Century until the twenties in most of the Masses only the priest received the Holy Communion, and even when I was child less that 20% of those present received Holy Communion. As far as I know for today changed even for the traditionalist masses too (SSPX etc), almost everybody who is present receives the Holy Communion. In the new rite (and as a result in the Traditional Mass too) recently the food aspect of the Eucharist gained emphasis against the mystery aspect.

This effective change is represented by the words: Lex credendi ==> lex orandi
 
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