The Circular Letter Concerning the Preparation and Celebration of the Easter Feasts,
Paschales Solemnitatis is very clear about what is to happen on Holy Thursday. It was published on January 16, 1988. It says:
- The washing of the feet of chosen men which, according to tradition, is performed on this day, represents the service and charity of Christ, who came “not to be served, but to serve.” [58] This tradition should be maintained, and its proper significance explained.
Of course it is very clear that it is men who have their feet washed - it doesn’t specify how many, but traditionally twelve would be chosen. However, the last line is interesting - that the proper significance of the practice should be explained. It seems to me that if the proper significance
were being explained, there would be no question of anyone
but the priest washing the feet or anyone
but men having their feet washed.
Regrettably, the USCCB’s committee on Divine Worship seems to be causing confusion on this matter. On its website it has a question and answer from one year before
Paschales Solemnitatis was published regarding the washing of womens’ feet. Point 4 of the article acknowledges that “it has become customary in some places to invite both men and women” to participate in this rite. The following point, 5, then states that this variation differs from “the rubric of the Sacramentary which mentions only men”. So, the USCCB itself admits that the practice is at odds with the Sacramentary, but there is no indication that special permission has been given to justify or permit this discrepancy. Perhaps the USCCB has gotten permission in the meantime to allow women to have their feet washed, but I would expect that that Q&A from the USCCB would have been superseded by
Paschales Solemnitatis which appeared a year later (perhaps someone who is more qualified than I could clarify that).