The DSM-VI, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, doesn’t consider homosexuality to be a mental disorder anylonger. However, the APA (American Psychological Association) lists homosexuality as a behavioral disorder. This makes complete sense considering the recognized viewpoints of homosexuality in the fields of psychology and sociology.
Evidence for a genetic cause for homosexuality is nonexistent. Many people have interpreted results of various studies to say homosexuality is genetic, but this is not true. Part of the Human Genome Project involved identifying the “Gay Gene”. When studies were done on this “Gay Gene”, it was found that a greater percentage of self-avowed heterosexuals had this gene than self-avowed homosexuals (the sociology text I use in class says this: Sociology: a Down-to-Earth Appraoch, 5th Edition (2000) by James Henslin). Researcher Simon LeVay, who studied the hormone differences between the brains of homosexual and heterosexual men (the one BryPGuy cited)noted: “It’s important to stress what I didn’t find. I did not prove that homosexuality is genetic, or find a genetic cause for being gay. I didn’t show that gay men are born that way, the most common mistake people make in interpreting my work. Nor did I locate a gay center in the brain.”
LeVay’s findings go hand-in-hand (sort of) with Exercise Science findings about hormone excretion, as stated in the Second Edition of Essentials of Strength and Conditioning published by the NSCA. In general, with use (or disuse) the body adjusts certain hormone levels accordingly to conserve resources. Thus, when certain hormones are not used frequently enough, the hypothalmus and pituitary glands scale back production (to conserve the bodies resources)
Sociologists maintain that there is definitely an environmental aspect to homosexuality. In the textIn the famous “Twins Study” conducted by Byrd, et al, there was a homosexuality rate of 52% for genetically identical twins, 22% for non-identical twins, and 9% for non-twins. The report says this in respect to those findings: "“This study actually provides support for environmental factors. If homosexuality were in the genetic code, all of the identical twins would have been homosexual.”
My sociology text says, essentially that the basic consensus among sociologists is that environmental factors have a greater impact on homosexuality than biological or genetic factors.