The New Testament never directly quotes from any apocryphal book as Scripture with the common designation “it is written”.
And yet it still quoted them.
- The Palestinian Jews (those who lived in Israel) never accepted the deuterocanonical books. This was the key argument for the Reformers.
And a false argument it is: it wasn’t until
after the destruction of the temple that Jews rejected the deuterocanonicals. Ironically enough, they continued to celebrate Hanukkah, though
The basic idea is that if Christ did not recognize them, they are not canonical.
How do you know Christ didn’t recognize them?
Josephus (born c. 37 A.D.), a primary Jewish historian, plainly writes about the accepted canon of his day which is the same as the current Protestant canon. He makes no mention of the Apocrypha and does not hint at a canon controversy in his day (Against Apion 1.41).
Of course, Josephus being a Jews, he’d have accepted the canon determined by the Jews after the destruction of the temple; it’s no wonder that he didn’t note the “controversy” that didn’t exist in the Jewish world.
From a Protestant perspective, there are significant theological and historical inaccuracies in the deuterocanonical books
And here’s where Protestants go especially wrong. The only way that books can be judged Scripture or not is based on an outside source: the Tradition of the Apostles, handed down through the Church. A Protestant can no more say “I reject 2 Maccabees because it’s theologically inaccurate” than Luther could say “I reject James because it’s theologically inaccurate” (of course, Luther
did say that, but even Protestants today would not side with him on the matter).
If you can reject a book as not being Scripture because
your interpretation of another book contradicts it, there is
nothing that prevents a person from doing the opposite: accepting the book you reject and rejecting the book you accept. This is why the Church is the pillar and foundation of the truth: individuals cannot determine even what
is Scripture without relying on it.
(e.g., works-based salvation, Tobit 12:9;
“So you see a man is justified by works, and not by faith alone.” Sounds consistent to me.
cruelty, Sirach 22:3; 42:14, 2;
Cruelty? Did you actually verify these passages?
doctrine of purgatory, 2 Maccabees 12:41–45).
Both Jesus and Paul affirmed the existence of Purgatory: Jesus when he said that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven in this age,
or in the age to come, and Paul when revealed that a man’s works will be tested, as through fire. Purgatory was a belief of the early Church, and has always been a belief of the Catholic Church (and the Orthodox Church, though their understanding differs in a permissible manner).
What is more, these books have historical errors. It is claimed that Tobit was alive when the Assyrians conquered Israel in 722 B.C. and also when Jeroboam revolted against Judah in 931 B.C., which would make him at least 209 years old; yet according to the account, he died when he was only 158 years. The Book of Judith speaks of Nebuchadnezzar reigning inNineveh
instead of Babylon.
I’ve heard these exact same arguments made against books the Protestants accept; Catholics have similar answers.
The Apocrypha itself attests to the absence of prophets in its own time. 1 Macc. 9:27 “Thus there was great distress in Israel, such as had not been since the time that prophets ceased to appear among them.”
What does that prove?
The deuterocanonical books were in dispute for so long and held to secondary status that it would be problematic to say that they contain the voice of God since most people did not recognize them to be His voice. Jn. 10:27 “My sheep listen to my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.”
First of all, your assertion is quantitatively wrong: the majority of Christians throughout history have accepted the deuterocanonicals as Scripture. Even today, Catholics outnumber Orthodox and Protestants combined, and we all believe that the deuterocanonicals are Scripture.
Besides, as far as your “argument from majority rules” goes; at the time of the council of Nicea, the majority of Christians were Arians, people who didn’t believe that Christ was
homoousias (consubstantial) with the Father, much like Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormons and Oneness Pentacostals believer today; and yet this is a truth you affirm, despite the majority of Christians in the early fourth century rejecting it. How do you explain that?
Jeremy