It comes from the east.
It is in the
liturgy of St John Chrysostom and Saint Basil, a priests prayer, essentially a form of doxology. It is also in the
Liturgy of Saint James, the forerunner of the liturgy of St John and arguably the oldest continually used liturgy of all, in use from Antioch in Syria all across asia, in southern India and had even reached China by the seventh century. I wouldn’t claim the turn of phrase is Apostolic (although it
might be), but it comes from very early in Christian history. I wouldn’t be a bit surprised if it was also once in use in one of the lost western liturgies.
If f it was discovered in the margins of scripture I am quite sure that was because the manuscripts were Greek, and they were brought west at the beginning of the renaissance from Orthodox monasteries. Among these many volumes would be the Textus Receptus that Erasmus worked on.