How do believers respond to the following criticism of the afterlife?

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That’s kind of the way I understood it too (also a former Catholic), but I now believe this to be a counterproductive view. Some joy, to consider everything we have as the grudging bestowal of a disappointed deity.

If there isn’t any ultimate ‘reward’, then, towards what are we working, other than such rewards as this life offers? If one is brought up to believe in eternal life (as I was), then the realisation that - in all likelihood - this life is all we have can be devastating. One then has a choice - accept or rebel. There is a tremendous peace to be found in acceptance. We have a choice - accept what is, or rail against what is and pretend there is more to life than what we have here and now - I know what I prefer, and what has brought the greater satisfaction with my life.
This is a mischaracterization of the Catholic, christian outlook. If you were taught that God is a diasppointed deity “grudgingly” bestowing our lives to us, then I am sorry for your unhappy upbringing and teaching in this regard. God is a FREELY and infinitely giving deity, and one who has infinite love for his creation. He is NOT “disappointed”, this would imply He expected other than how we act, which is silly since His omniscence would require He knew how we would behave. It’s the whole free will discussion and the article of faith that nothing impure or sinful can enter Heaven that requires we seek Him and repent and reform our lives. He doesn’t “remove” us from eternal peace, we remove ourselves through our own choice. At least, that’s the idea.🤷
 
That’s the whole point - meaninglessness is only ‘the way it is’ if you refuse to engage with the experience of being alive.

Does your life have no value to you? Do you only enjoy it because you are convinced it will last forever?
So is it hedonism then? The “experience” of being alive cannot have real purpose if none exists. You cannot “inject” purpose through distraction of fleeting pleasures if no actual purpose is there to begin with. This is inescapable.
Gratitude does not require a personal object, just as sorrow and regret do not require feelings of personal guilt. Approaching life with a sense of gratitude - to the impersonal universe, if you must have an object - entails an appreciation of just how improbable it is that you, as an individual person, exist at all. Perhaps this is a glass-half-full philosophy, but it works for me. Why should I allow my days to be consumed with regret for all the things I’m not, rather than wonder at all the things I am?
Sorrow, guilt, or gratitude DO require, ostensibly, some actual end to them. I do not feel sorrow just to feel it, I feel it for some particular reason. What reason for gratitude at mere coincidence and happenstance? Who sincerely thanks the unfeeling universe for happening to find a $20 under the couch cushions? You call it a glass-half-full outlook, but it’s really a glass-all-empty one, just with an “eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we die” attitude of distraction thrown in for good measure.
Only absurd if you ignore the experience of the moment. If you believe this life to be important in and of itself, because it’s the only one we get, the motivation to make life better for all with whom you interact is far more compelling than the feeling that you can just leave it to eternity to decide the fate of your fellows.
Again, I say no, but neither of us is really making any kind of argument for our position, we’re just exchanging our thoughts on where this outlook takes one. This life is NOT important at all if there is no objective meaning to it. You are electrified meat with no purpose at all, there is nothing “important” about that at all. Nothing you do matters, lasts, or affects anything, because all soon ends with the Sun’s eating of our planet, and then the eventual Big Rip of the universe anyway. It all comes out in the wash, so how could any of it be “important”? And there is no reason to make life better for other pieces of electrified meat; they disappear soon too, after all.
Atheism is nihilism for those who wish there to be more to life that what we find. To those who are not satisfied with what evidently is, all will seem inadequate. Lack of belief in an immortal soul and eternal life does not entail a devaluing of the life we have while we have it. Think about it - rarity, when it comes to desirable commodities, leads to a higher value being ascribed to those commodities. Your life, as an individual, is unique - why would not this lead to the highest of all values being ascribed thereto? If this life is all we get, surely that should lead us to make the most of it, not to write it off as unimportant.
There you go again with words like “value”. Whence comes “value” in this outlook? The electrified meat thinks it’s valuable…a quaint and sentimental notion that has NO place in the atheist materialist worldview. I’ll say it again, Nietzche at least had guts; he took atheism where it inevitably leads. If this life is all we get, then everything is really a sad trick, and there’s no reason to assign “value” to my own life, and CERTAINLY not to anyone else’s. Total self-absorbed hedonism or suicide; these seem the ultimate rational responses to this conclusion, as all is really meaningless.
What else do you wish them to be, other than life-sustaining activities? Why should any experience lose its value if it is finite?
The value these activities have is in the happiness good memories bring to those who experience them. If they cease to exist in but a moment, then so does any “value” the experience had. It’s meaningless. I hear King Solomon again speaking about vanity…
Yet if life is not infinite, it must still be temporally important to those who experience it - you cannot get away from that. We still exist for a time, and that time can never be denied its existence. All meaning is contextual - in the context of our temporal existence, all life experience is important. It can diminish in importance if one prefers to take an eternal view, much as the savour of a delicious meal, the delight of a moving musical phrase, the sweetness of a lover’s caress, can all diminish if we become accustomed to them.
I think Bohm responded excellently to this, but I’ll just close again by noting the humorousness of worthless collections of atoms, happenstances for but a moment of the Big Bang, talking about “importance”. And, again, I say that the understanding that our actions in this life have eternal consequences and impact on a creation and other creations that were made for an ultimate, real end and purpose, gives true meaning and weight to our actions. It does NOT diminish our experience in any way.
If we have not eternal existence, then our experience does not matter, ultimately, to the eternal universe (and by ‘universe’ I mean, ‘all that exists’). That does not mean it has no importance for us, while we exist. That is the fundamental difference between clinging to the hope of an eternal self and reaching a full appreciation of what we have while we have it. Carpe diem!
Carpe diem, carpe morte, it’s all really the same in the end, now isn’t it?😉
 

Originally Posted by Sair
One might even ask, what is the point of exerting onesself in this life, of achieving anything in this life, if we have an eternity to ponder what we might do and then perhaps bring it about? Where is the motivation to live well here and now if we have infinite opportunity?​

I do not understand that we have an eternity to ponder what we might do and the perhaps bring it about.

In the next life we will not be pondering anything, but we will be experiencing the glory of God. Our pondering days are over. There is no more time to ponder. We either have the glory or we don’t.

The only pondering time we have is right now, to choose the good life of God or the good life of this world. “For my kindgom in not of this world.” And so we are entering the kingdom of god now or we are not. Which choice holds over into the next world.

But when time runs out, the pondering stops.
 

Originally Posted by Bohm Bawerk
Think about the subtext of this claim - that without God, and without an afterlife, life is fundamentally meaningless. What you’re really saying, whether you realize it or not, is that unless [an] experience lasts FOREVER, then it’s not worth having.​

Yes, I would agree with that.

For every experience as a Catholic christian should bring me closer to my God, Jesus
Christ. As St. Paul posed,“I no longer live but Christ lives in me.” And as such everything we do becomes pleasing to God and as such lasts forever in the book of life.
Therefore as members of his body on earth, we say to God, “Abba, Father” for we become his sons and therefore he says to us “this is my beloved son in whom I am well pleased.” So everything we do has an impact on eternity and is forever and is worth having because Jesus made it possible for this to happen.
 
What evidence is this?
Did you miss the “one only needs to look” part? You’ll find it of you look for it. You’ll find it anecdotally, you’ll find it in research. Good luck.
 
One might even ask, what is the point of exerting onesself in this life, of achieving anything in this life, if we have an eternity to ponder what we might do and then perhaps bring it about? Where is the motivation to live well here and now if we have infinite opportunity?
Because life isn’t pointless. Your are on a ship, and it’s going to dock one day and you will have to get off. You can get off on the side with the swamp, deadly gas and ravenous alligators or the side with the gorgeous beaches and 5 star hotels. You decide.
 
Did you miss the “one only needs to look” part? You’ll find it of you look for it. You’ll find it anecdotally, you’ll find it in research. Good luck.
In other words, invest faith first, then everything will appear to support it.

Unfortunately for that approach, I spent half my life believing and saw no actual, unequivocal evidence for the existence of eternal life. Stories and wishful thinking, certainly, but no incontrovertible evidence that a person outlasts her death.
 
In other words, invest faith first, then everything will appear to support it.
No, IOW, I’m not doing your work for you. You spend all kinds of time on this forum, go spend some time online researching this.
Unfortunately for that approach, I spent half my life believing and saw no actual, unequivocal evidence for the existence of eternal life
. I didn’t ask you to believe a thing. You seem to want PROOF. UNEQUIVOCAL, by golly! 😃

There’s no such thing.

I said there is plenty of evidence. There is. The only proof of anything is what we experience ourselves. You examine evidence and sources every day and decide what to have faith in, what to believe. You cannot prove unequivocally that we ever went to the moon, that ice caps are melting at an unprecedented rate or that you exist. You could be a whole series of atheists in a bar having fun on a computer.

If you don’t want to believe don’t, but there’s plenty of evidence, scientific type evidence. I really have a hard time believing I’m so much smarter than you I can find it and you can’t.
 
So is it hedonism then? The “experience” of being alive cannot have real purpose if none exists. You cannot “inject” purpose through distraction of fleeting pleasures if no actual purpose is there to begin with. This is inescapable.
You are wedded to the idea that purpose must come from beyond our experience. We make our own purpose while we live. Some people are very quick to dismiss hedonism as mere mindless pursuit of bodily ease and pleasure, without realising that it is the one ethical system in which the criteria for discerning good and evil are clear and self-evident. And what do you define as ‘real’ purpose? A purpose defined for you from beyond your existence?
Sorrow, guilt, or gratitude DO require, ostensibly, some actual end to them. You call it a glass-half-full outlook, but it’s really a glass-all-empty one, just with an “eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we die” attitude of distraction thrown in for good measure.
So you choose to see it - and so you must, if you are tied to the belief that purpose comes from beyond our own existence. I am perfectly capable of feeling grateful for the fact that I am alive, without directing my gratitude to any person. Life is a reason for for gratitude. If you think otherwise, you’re doing it wrong!
This life is NOT important at all if there is no objective meaning to it.
Whence ‘objective’ meaning? Are you trying to say that our existence must be representative of something else in order to have value? That we are puppets in need of a puppet master and a script?
Nothing you do matters, lasts, or affects anything, because all soon ends with the Sun’s eating of our planet, and then the eventual Big Rip of the universe anyway.
It’s interesting how you conflate billions of years of time into ‘soon’. But then, if you think in terms of eternity, I guess anything short of that is ‘soon’. Of course everything I do has an effect - that’s what it means to be part of a world governed by cause and effect. There might not be anyone keeping a cosmic tally of the effects of my actions, but I can assure you there are many other beings directly affected, for better or worse, by what I do with my life in time. It seems to me that this is enough to be going on with, without worrying about ultimate fates and eternal existence.
It all comes out in the wash, so how could any of it be “important”? And there is no reason to make life better for other pieces of electrified meat; they disappear soon too, after all.
Once again, ‘soon’ is relative to your perspective. Value is found by living in the moment, not by imagining that it’s already over.
Whence comes “value” in this outlook? The electrified meat thinks it’s valuable…a quaint and sentimental notion that has NO place in the atheist materialist worldview.
Life is absurd, and there was no reason any of us had to exist. But that is part of what makes life such a joyous experience, a gift, if we choose to treat it thus. Value is a subjective notion that we apply to things we desire. Thanks for telling me what I’m supposed to believe, by the way. But the fact is that value exists wherever there is someone to do the valuing. What you’re essentially saying here is that we, as human beings, only have value if we have some element to our selves that is at present unidentifiable to any of our senses. That value, meaning and purpose are not ours to seize and create, but are the province of things external to us and our experience. Why must meaning come from beyond us? That is something you have repeatedly asserted, but not explained.
I’ll say it again, Nietzche at least had guts; he took atheism where it inevitably leads.
Atheism does not inevitably lead to nihilism, but to a re-evaluation of everything we are. It’s a different perspective on the world, not a diminished version of the theistic perspective. If you remove the notion of God and eternal life but still cling to the idea that meaning comes from beyond our lives, of course despair is the logical conclusion. It takes no guts to let go and give up. But real courage is required to move forward without a divine being holding your hand - to redefine your notions of self and life and embrace the deep wonder and rich absurdity of your existence.
If this life is all we get, then everything is really a sad trick, and there’s no reason to assign “value” to my own life, and CERTAINLY not to anyone else’s.
On the contrary, if this life is all we get, that is a reason to make what we can of it while we live. I value my companions on the journey - why would I do otherwise?
Total self-absorbed hedonism or suicide; these seem the ultimate rational responses to this conclusion, as all is really meaningless.
Life needs no other meaning than itself. It should not be burdened with the expectation of being representative of a divine plan or a great cosmic order. It simply is.
And, again, I say that the understanding that our actions in this life have eternal consequences and impact on a creation and other creations that were made for an ultimate, real end and purpose, gives true meaning and weight to our actions. It does NOT diminish our experience in any way.
But you do diminish our experience, by your very words - you consider us worthless if we stand alone, incapable of defining our own value. You believe we are just the actors in someone else’s play.
Carpe diem, carpe morte, it’s all really the same in the end, now isn’t it?😉
Life is change, and death is just one more change. There would be no life without death.
 
You are wedded to the idea that purpose must come from beyond our experience. We make our own purpose while we live.
If purpose doesn’t exist beyond our experience we imagine we are making our own purpose because our activity is produced by purposeless events.
Some people are very quick to dismiss hedonism as mere mindless pursuit of bodily ease and pleasure, without realising that it is the one ethical system in which the criteria for discerning good and evil are clear and self-evident.
Hedonism is not an ethical system because it reduces good and evil to physical events which have no significance in a purposeless universe.
And what do you define as ‘real’ purpose? A purpose defined for you from beyond your existence?
Purpose is the result of rational Design.
Life is a reason for gratitude. If you think otherwise, you’re doing it wrong!
If life is a **reason **for gratitude it is absurd to believe we exist for no reason!
Are you trying to say that our existence must be representative of something else in order to have value? That we are puppets in need of a puppet master and a script?
We are only puppets if free will is an illusion and all our behaviour is determined by physical events:
Of course everything I do has an effect - that’s what it means to be part of a world governed by cause and effect.
In your scheme of things everything you do is an effect caused by a physical event!
Life is absurd, and there was no reason any of us had to exist. But that is part of what makes life such a joyous experience, a gift, if we choose to treat it thus.
According to you we have no choice whatsoever!
Atheism does not inevitably lead to nihilism, but to a re-evaluation of everything we are.
Once again you are assuming you can **choose **to re-evaluate…
But real courage is required to move forward without a divine being holding your hand - to redefine your notions of self and life and embrace the deep wonder and rich absurdity of your existence.
All this is sheer illusion on the part of a biological machine which functions entirely according to the laws of nature…
But you do diminish our experience, by your very words - you consider us worthless if we stand alone, incapable of defining our own value.
You have hit the nail on the head! Value cannot emerge from that which is valueless…
You believe we are just the actors in someone else’s play.
You believe we are just cogs in an immense machine…
Life is change, and death is just one more change. There would be no life without death.
It is more logical to say that there would be no death without life - and the miracle of life is inadequately explained as a spark in the dark!
 
Is it not arrogance to expect more than this? To imagine that our temporal lives have some eternal, transcendent significance?
It is arrogance to assume our lives have no eternal, transcendent significance if we are incapable of choosing what to think! 🙂
 
If purpose doesn’t exist beyond our experience we imagine we are making our own purpose because our activity is produced by purposeless events.

Hedonism is not an ethical system because it reduces good and evil to physical events which have no significance in a purposeless universe.

Purpose is the result of rational Design.
If life is a **reason **for gratitude it is absurd to believe we exist for no reason!
We are only puppets if free will is an illusion and all our behaviour is determined by physical events:

In your scheme of things everything you do is an effect caused by a physical event!

According to you we have no choice whatsoever!

Once again you are assuming you can **choose **to re-evaluate…
All this is sheer illusion on the part of a biological machine which functions entirely according to the laws of nature…
You have hit the nail on the head! Value cannot emerge from that which is valueless…

You believe we are just cogs in an immense machine…

It is more logical to say that there would be no death without life - and the miracle of life is inadequately explained as a spark in the dark!
Awesome post Tony, couldn’t have said it better myself!👍
 
It can be said that all things have a neccessary end because they were lacking and needed to be resolved. Heaven will not be lacking and will not need to be resolved. Appealing to relationships ending doesn’t make sense because in a perfect relationship it’s not supposed to end until one dies. A better analogy for heaven in my opinion is imagine reaching the climax of a movie at its most exciting point when everything is resolved, that’s how heaven is permanently.
 
It is arrogance to assume our lives have no eternal, transcendent significance if we are incapable of choosing what to think! 🙂
All of your response amounts to an argument from ignorance - you don’t know how matter and energy might produce thought and intention, therefore it can’t happen. Which is ironic, given that you believe the soul is immaterial yet influences matter, without being able to explain how this happens.

You consider my beliefs to be a diminished form of theism, rather than a completely different appreciation of the universe as a godless domain. You cling desperately to the notion that you will last forever, in some form, without any evidence that this is so. Why do you need this? Why are you not satisfied with what you know you have? The inadequacy of earthly, physical life has been continually asserted, but not supported with any explanation for why this should be so.
 
It can be said that all things have a neccessary end because they were lacking and needed to be resolved. Heaven will not be lacking and will not need to be resolved. Appealing to relationships ending doesn’t make sense because in a perfect relationship it’s not supposed to end until one dies. A better analogy for heaven in my opinion is imagine reaching the climax of a movie at its most exciting point when everything is resolved, that’s how heaven is permanently.
It can be said, but it doesn’t seem like it can be backed up with supporting evidence.

What constitutes a ‘perfect’ relationship?

And it’s all very well to provide analogies for what heaven is supposed to be - but why should we invest belief in this, when there is so much of our earthly life with which we can engage?
 
No, IOW, I’m not doing your work for you. You spend all kinds of time on this forum, go spend some time online researching this.

. I didn’t ask you to believe a thing. You seem to want PROOF. UNEQUIVOCAL, by golly! 😃

There’s no such thing.

I said there is plenty of evidence. There is. The only proof of anything is what we experience ourselves. You examine evidence and sources every day and decide what to have faith in, what to believe. You cannot prove unequivocally that we ever went to the moon, that ice caps are melting at an unprecedented rate or that you exist. You could be a whole series of atheists in a bar having fun on a computer.

If you don’t want to believe don’t, but there’s plenty of evidence, scientific type evidence. I really have a hard time believing I’m so much smarter than you I can find it and you can’t.
I don’t desire ‘proof’ in any absolute sense - I don’t know that this is possible.

I want evidence other than anecdote and wishful thinking. I won’t invest faith - the kind of belief that determines the way I conduct my life - in stories about near-death experiences (which are quite readily explicable by neuroscientific means), accounts of ancient legends that tell of life beyond death, and assumed knowledge of such things that has no basis in experience. I don’t wish for unequivocal ‘proof’, but for evidence that cannot be explained by any other means than the reality of life beyond death. Why believe in eternity when I have enough with which to concern myself for the discernible duration of my earthly life?

Just by the bye, scientific ‘proof’ does not exist - at least, not in the way mathematical proof exists. We are not so gifted in defining reality as we are in defining abstract, logical truths. What difference does it make to the way I conduct my life, if I act in such a way as to achieve subjectively positive effects upon myself and my fellows here and now, as opposed to acting in ways that I imagine will affect my ‘immortal soul’ in some afterlife in which I have no demonstrable reason to believe?
 
Just by the bye, scientific ‘proof’ does not exist - at least, not in the way mathematical proof exists.
Yes, I know, as I spent rather a large part of my working life doing science.
I want evidence other than anecdote and wishful thinking.
And what part of me saying there was evidence from research by scientists was unclear to you?
 
It is arrogance to assume our lives have no eternal, transcendent significance **if **
You have missed the point. You assume our lives have no eternal, transcendent significance even though you cannot justify that belief. Your argument is the one that is based on ignorance. I don’t claim to know how matter and energy produce thought and intention. I don’t believe it is possible but if some one could demonstrate beyond all doubt how it has happened I would accept it whereas you have stated dogmatically:

“Life is absurd, and there was no reason any of us had to exist.”
You consider my beliefs to be a diminished form of theism, rather than a completely different appreciation of the universe as a godless domain.
I am very well aware you appreciate the great advantages of living in a supposedly godless domain. It enables you to become absolute mistress of your body… 🙂
You cling desperately to the notion that you will last forever, in some form, without any evidence that this is so.
You cling eagerly to the notion that death leads to oblivion - without a jot of evidence - because it gives you absolute freedom to choose how to live. You have admitted religion was an obstacle in your way…
Why do you need this? Why are you not satisfied with what you know you have?
Why are you assuming I am not satisfied with what I have? I am certainly not satisfied with what millions of people don’t have… Belief in justice is absurd if you stake everything on this life.
The inadequacy of earthly, physical life has been continually asserted, but not supported with any explanation for why this should be so.
Does earthly, physical life explain itself? Is it consistent with belief in truth, goodness, freedom, justice or love? Or can you explain them away in terms of physical events?
 
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