The other point about the Catholic Church is how it processes new theological insights and practices to deal with new and contemporary issues that are confusing to the devout Christian.
This process is used all throughout the Church history going back to the very beginning.
The beginning is the time Christ was with His apostles teaching them and the time it took amidst the arguing and debates what the Lord was trying to say and how He would have to correct them all the time. Then He appeared to them on the Road to Emmaus after His resurrection and they did not recognize Him and likewise rebuked them while explaining the very depth of Scripture, that they still did not understand.
When the Lord ate fish (meaning conversions) and then broke bread, then the apostles recognized Him and He disappeared, and through the sacred meal, they then understood.
You then go to Acts and still see issues coming up like Peter backing off from his dream before the Hebrew Christians and falling back on the Law when Paul arrives. Paul affirms our freedom in Christ. There are actions in how to set up the Church…not by any one single apostle, but through the Holy Spirit, structure is built by the communion of the apostles, their disciples and followers.
The Church does not accept any individual now giving us a new interpretation. Theologians must submit their teachings before the Church for discernment and if holding on to the Tradition of faith given us by the apostles, before proceeding.
In Martin Luther’s case, there is blame on both sides. Luther was a theologian himself. But the ecclesial theologian over him blocked any dialogue, any communications with him. And there were nationalistic movements happening both in Germany and England that furthered partisan sentiments. The rest is history.
As was stated in Scripture to write it down, documentation of the Church began soon after Christ’s ending of His earthly mission. But the Church always works in unity. Always…but that doesn’t mean smoothly. You have to look at the history of councils, synods as well as the theological issues that came about through the discipline of Christology that was not able to be systemized until after the persecution of the first 300 years. It was happening, of course, beforehand, but communications were difficult…but accomplished through the Holy Spirit to provide us continuity of faith.
It is Jesus Christ, the Incarnate Word, – Body, Blood, soul and Divinity Himself that teaches us what the Scripture means, most especially at the Mass. That is the place for me I best like to learn Scripture.