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sedonaman
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Here is another thread on SS"M" forums.catholic-questions.org/showthread.php?p=9633989#post9633989
The Hawaii court decision has some real dynamite:
The Hawaii court decision has some real dynamite:
The right to marry someone of the same-sex, is not “objectively, deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition” and thus it is not a fundamental right. See Glucksberg, 521 U.S. at 720-21 (“[w]e have regularly observed that the Due Process Clause specially protects those fundamental rights and liberties which are, objectively, ‘deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition.’ . . . This approach tends to rein in the subjective elements that are necessarily present in due-process judicial review”)
Because a fundamental right or suspect classification is not at issue, Plaintiffs’ due process claim is subject to rational basis review.
Plaintiffs’ equal protection claim is also subject to rational basis review.
Significantly, the Ninth Circuit, which is binding authority on this Court, has affirmatively held that homosexuals are not a suspect class. [A class of individuals based on race, national origin, alienage (the official status of an alien), or religious affiliation.]
Rational basis review is the “paradigm of judicial restraint.” Under rational basis review, a law is presumed constitutional and “[t]he burden is on the one attacking the legislative arrangement to negative every conceivable basis which might support it.”
Rational basis review does not authorize “the judiciary [to] sit as a super legislature to judge the wisdom or desirability of legislative policy determinations made in areas that neither affect fundamental rights nor proceed along suspect lines.”
Plaintiffs have failed to meet their burden. Specifically, the legislature could rationally conclude that defining marriage as a union between a man and woman provides an inducement for opposite-sex couples to marry, thereby decreasing the percentage of children accidently conceived outside of a stable, long-term relationship. The Supreme Court has stated that a classification subject to rational basis review will be upheld when “the inclusion of one group promotes a legitimate governmental purpose, and the addition of other groups would not.”
It is undisputed opposite-sex couples can naturally procreate, and same-sex couples cannot. Thus, allowing opposite-sex couples to marry furthers this interest and allowing same-sex couples to marry would not do so.
The legislature could also rationally conclude that other things being equal, it is best for children to be raised by a parent of each sex. Under rational basis review, as long as the rationale for a classification is at least debatable, the classification is constitutional. Both sides presented evidence on this issue and both sides pointed out flaws in their opponents’ evidence. Thus, the Court concludes this rationale is at least debatable and therefore sufficient.
Accordingly, Hawaii’s marriage laws are not unconstitutional. Nationwide, citizens are engaged in a robust debate over this divisive social issue. If the traditional institution of marriage is to be restructured, as sought by Plaintiffs, it should be done by a democratically-elected legislature or the people through a constitutional amendment, not through judicial legislation that would inappropriately preempt democratic deliberation regarding whether or not to authorize same-sex marriage.
“[T]he unique social institution of marriage involving the legal relationship of matrimony between a man and a woman is a protected relationship of fundamental and unequaled importance to the State, the nation, and society.”
It reasserted that marriage should be dealt with by the legislature, not the courts: “[T]he question of whether or not to issue marriage licenses to couples of the same sex is a fundamental policy issue to be decided by the elected representatives of the people.”
The Minnesota Supreme Court rejected the plaintiffs’ claims determining, inter alia, that a right to marry without regard to the sex of the parties is not a fundamental right. The court further determined that the Equal Protection Clause was “not offended by the state’s classification of persons authorized to marry” and that there was “no irrational or invidious discrimination.” Id. at 187. The United States Supreme Court summarily dismissed the plaintiffs’ appeal “for want of a substantial federal question.”
scribd.com/doc/102440860/Hawaii-Decision-Jackson-vs-Abercromnie