Gread idea for a thread. I come from an Islamic backround, so my answers will not be altogether consistent with most of the other posts here. Just bear that in mind-- I’m not trying to push my views onto anyone.
Prayer is basically the exhale of the muslim. Prayer is one of the ways of worshiping the Almighty and since we were created to worship [Qur’an 51:56], it’s an integral part of any muslim’s life. Some people, especially atheists, often say that prayer is an instrument that’s used to escape reality when one feels weak. I would obviously disagree there, because, one the contrary, having an active prayer life is upholding reality. The Qur’an says, in surah 2:186: “And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided”
I believe that God has decreed, from eternity past, that He would create mankind to have a relationship with them and one of the ways the relationship is upheld is through prayer. I believe that prayer can accomplish marvelous things, but prayer ought not to be done solely when we’re in need of something-- it is to be done irrespective of how you’re doing or if your life is going how you want it to go. In countless texts in the Qu’ran and sunnah, of the the chief attributes that’s associated with a righteous person is that he/she establishes regular prayer.
There are different kinds of prayer in the Islamic faith. There’s salat, which is what most people associate with Islam, where the Qur’an is recited and at certain intervals, everyone bows/prostrates in unison. Salat is to be done at five different times throughout the day (before sunrise, at noon, in the afternoon, after the sun sets and at night). I’ve been struggling to do all my salats, but that is my own fault. I don’t have any excuse for missing them.
There’s dua, which can be done at any time and for anything (like “Oh, God please grant me success on my exam on Monday!” There’s also dhikr, which is rememberance of God by chanting things over and over again. A form of dhikr that’s often done is right after a salat, where a person says ‘Subhanallah’ 33 times, ‘Alhamdulillah’ 33 times and ‘Allahu akbar’ 33 times. Sometimes muslims use beads to help them count the amount of times they’ve said ‘Subhanallah’, or any other part of the dhikr.
I make dua and dhikr all the time, but, as mentioned, I don’t do all five of the obligatory salats (which is my own fault. I don’t make any excuse for my sins).