The continuance of the human person after death and before the resurrection of the body might be the result of a supernatural intervention, not a natural consequence./
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I know this is getting into the topic of another thread, but I think the idea of “the continuance of the human person after death and before the resurrection of the body” is a supernatural act. It is also a supernatural act that many saints have appeared bodily or mystically to chosen people on earth.
This is not necessarily a materialist position. The analogy of portrait painting is often used. The painting is not just canvas and chemicals; it discloses a person. Same with our bodies.
So the canvas and chemicals are the material aspect of the painting, and the person in the portrait is equivalent to the immaterial part.
Aquinas does argue that our intellectual activity is immaterial - similar to what Aristotle says about the agent intellect. He then uses this to establish the natural immortality of our intellect and will. But the agent intellect in Aristotle is not the individual human person. From the time of Aristotle to Aquinas, and later, there was much debate about the identity of the agent intellect. Descartes was certainly influenced by it.
“Immaterial” yet the brain is necessary in order for the intellect to operate. But it’s not necessary for the angels. Of course that’s what makes us different than the angels, but it is rather complicated. The soul, then, is the substantial form while the body is accidental. I understand that much. It’s just the mechanics. In heaven God will reveal all.
Some, like Plato, thought that the soul preexisted its union with the body. I don’t think Aquinas thought so.