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Naturally, the ancient Jews, with their emphasis on monotheism, would have difficulty calling the Messiah God. Yet there are some other OT passages that could indicate divinity of the Messiah:
Psalm 80. 15-18: God is asked to visit this vine “which your right hand has planted… . Let your hand be upon the man of your right hand, upon the son of man whom you have strengthened for yourself.” Samson Levey (
The Messiah: An Aramaic Interpretation) here comments: “It would appear that the Targum takes the Messiah to be the son of God, which is much too anthropomorphic and Christological to be acceptable in Jewish exegesis.” He notes that neither the earlier nor the later rabbis took up this interpretation by the Targum. Rather, he says that some of the later rabbis “carefully steer clear of any messianic interpretation " by the Targum here. (In passing: we note that here the Messiah is called Son of Man!)
Psalm 45. 7-8: “Your throne, O God, is ever and ever… . God your God has anointed you with the oil of rejoicing.” Even though some think the Psalm was occasioned by a royal marriage, the Targum saw it as messianic. Levey even remarks that the Hebrew word for king,
melech, in verses 2, 6, 12, 15, and 16 is understood as God.
Ezekiel 34. 11: God Himself said: “For thus says the Lord God: Behold I, I will search out my flock and seek them out.” We notice the repeated “I”, which seems to stress the thought that God Himself would come. But in verse 23 of the same chapter: “I will set one shepherd over them, my servant David.” The Targum Jonathan does treat the psalm as messianic. Of course this is far from clear, but there could be an implication that the Messiah, called here “my servant David” would be God Himself.
Jeremiah 23. 3: God said: " And I myself shall gather the remnant of my flock from all the lands to which I have driven them.” But in verse 5:“I will raise up for David a righteous branch.” That word “branch” is often taken by the Targums to indicate the Messiah. Hence Targum Jonathan on verse 5 does use “a righteous Messiah” instead of “branch”. Then, surprisingly, in verse 6: "And this is the name which He shall call him: “the Lord is our righteousness.” In the later Midrash,
Lamentations Rabbah 1. 51 we read: “What is the name of the King Messiah? R. Abba b. Kahana said: 'His name is ‘the Lord’”. In the Hebrew text of that passage, the word for Lord is Yahweh! It is astounding to find a later rabbi doing such a thing. (cf. Levey,
op. cit., p. 70).
Jeremiah 30. 11: “For I am with you - oracle of Yahweh - to save you.” The Targum clearly calls this passage messianic. Levey notices this, and comments: “in v. 11 the apparent anthropomorphism of God being with Israel, in the physical sense is softened by the use of the word Memra” - Memra is a puzzling word in the Targums, which seems in general to refer to the complex interplay between God’s constancy and the fickleness of His people - but at times, it seems to mean God Himself. (On Memra cf. Bruce Chilton,
The Isaiah Targum, Glazier, 1987, p. lvi).