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The position of the Catholic Church on this question was clarified for the many of us who misunderstood what the Church has been trying to say over the centuries on this question. Check the CCC on “Wounds to Christian Unity”
**817 In fact, "in this one and only Church of God from its very beginnings there arose certain rifts, which the Apostle strongly censures as damnable. But in subsequent centuries much more serious dissensions appeared and large communities became separated from full communion with the Catholic Church - for which, often enough, men of both sides were to blame."269 The ruptures that wound the unity of Christ’s Body - here we must distinguish heresy, apostasy, and schism270 - do not occur without human sin:
Where there are sins, there are also divisions, schisms, heresies, and disputes. Where there is virtue, however, there also are harmony and unity, from which arise the one heart and one soul of all believers.271
818 "However, one cannot charge with the sin of the separation those who at present are born into these communities [that resulted from such separation] and in them are brought up in the faith of Christ, and the Catholic Church accepts them with respect and affection as brothers . . . . All who have been justified by faith in Baptism are incorporated into Christ; they therefore have a right to be called Christians, and with good reason are accepted as brothers in the Lord by the children of the Catholic Church."272
819 "Furthermore, many elements of sanctification and of truth"273 are found outside the visible confines of the Catholic Church: "the written Word of God; the life of grace; faith, hope, and charity, with the other interior gifts of the Holy Spirit, as well as visible elements."274 Christ’s Spirit uses these Churches and ecclesial communities as means of salvation, whose power derives from the fullness of grace and truth that Christ has entrusted to the Catholic Church. All these blessings come from Christ and lead to him,275 and are in themselves calls to "Catholic unity."276 **
As we can see from the red, the salvation is coming through the Catholic Church to those that are physically outside. While they are physically on the outside, they can be spiritually attached through whatever is Catholic about them. Most of the time, many people don’t even know that they are being Catholic. The doctrine holds, “Outside the Church there is no salvation.” However, the Church extends beyond her physical boundaries, because Truth is Truth regardless of who is doing the speaking. Through some mysterious work of Grace, much of this Truth that has subsisted in the Church has found its way to others who do not identify themselves as Catholic.
A person has a moral duty to use whatever means of salvation are at his disposal. For Catholics, that means everything, because the fullness of truth subsists within the Catholic Church. For others, they have part of that Truth. That’s what they must use. They must, in good conscience strive for deeper knowledge of Truth.
However, we Catholics, also in good conscience, must understand that having someone tell us that this is Truth is not enough to be considered knowledge. Knowledge has a much deeper level. One can hear the Truth and still remain in invincible ignorance. The ignorance does not stem from never hearing with the ears, but from being unable to hear from the heart.
A person can hear what we have to say, but in his heart it feels wrong. He or she truly wants to do what is right. If it feels wrong and if he thinks that what he is hearing is contrary to God’s will, then he has not understood through no fault of his own.
We have all been in situations where we speak to someone and we realize, “He’s not getting it.” There is a difference between “He’s not getting it” and “He doesn’t want to try to understand, because he has an agenda of his own.” The former is an honest person. The latter has real problems. Sometimes it’s very hard to tell the two apart. So we leave that up to God to do.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
**817 In fact, "in this one and only Church of God from its very beginnings there arose certain rifts, which the Apostle strongly censures as damnable. But in subsequent centuries much more serious dissensions appeared and large communities became separated from full communion with the Catholic Church - for which, often enough, men of both sides were to blame."269 The ruptures that wound the unity of Christ’s Body - here we must distinguish heresy, apostasy, and schism270 - do not occur without human sin:
Where there are sins, there are also divisions, schisms, heresies, and disputes. Where there is virtue, however, there also are harmony and unity, from which arise the one heart and one soul of all believers.271
818 "However, one cannot charge with the sin of the separation those who at present are born into these communities [that resulted from such separation] and in them are brought up in the faith of Christ, and the Catholic Church accepts them with respect and affection as brothers . . . . All who have been justified by faith in Baptism are incorporated into Christ; they therefore have a right to be called Christians, and with good reason are accepted as brothers in the Lord by the children of the Catholic Church."272
819 "Furthermore, many elements of sanctification and of truth"273 are found outside the visible confines of the Catholic Church: "the written Word of God; the life of grace; faith, hope, and charity, with the other interior gifts of the Holy Spirit, as well as visible elements."274 Christ’s Spirit uses these Churches and ecclesial communities as means of salvation, whose power derives from the fullness of grace and truth that Christ has entrusted to the Catholic Church. All these blessings come from Christ and lead to him,275 and are in themselves calls to "Catholic unity."276 **
As we can see from the red, the salvation is coming through the Catholic Church to those that are physically outside. While they are physically on the outside, they can be spiritually attached through whatever is Catholic about them. Most of the time, many people don’t even know that they are being Catholic. The doctrine holds, “Outside the Church there is no salvation.” However, the Church extends beyond her physical boundaries, because Truth is Truth regardless of who is doing the speaking. Through some mysterious work of Grace, much of this Truth that has subsisted in the Church has found its way to others who do not identify themselves as Catholic.
A person has a moral duty to use whatever means of salvation are at his disposal. For Catholics, that means everything, because the fullness of truth subsists within the Catholic Church. For others, they have part of that Truth. That’s what they must use. They must, in good conscience strive for deeper knowledge of Truth.
However, we Catholics, also in good conscience, must understand that having someone tell us that this is Truth is not enough to be considered knowledge. Knowledge has a much deeper level. One can hear the Truth and still remain in invincible ignorance. The ignorance does not stem from never hearing with the ears, but from being unable to hear from the heart.
A person can hear what we have to say, but in his heart it feels wrong. He or she truly wants to do what is right. If it feels wrong and if he thinks that what he is hearing is contrary to God’s will, then he has not understood through no fault of his own.
We have all been in situations where we speak to someone and we realize, “He’s not getting it.” There is a difference between “He’s not getting it” and “He doesn’t want to try to understand, because he has an agenda of his own.” The former is an honest person. The latter has real problems. Sometimes it’s very hard to tell the two apart. So we leave that up to God to do.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF