In the 1930ās in the Roman Catholic Church I attended in Pennsylvania, the men and women were separated, men on one side and the women on the other. On the men side, they had clips on back of the pews that were used to hold menās hats. These clips were not installed on the womenās pews.
Also, all the women did wear hats or a head covering. They did not need these āhatā clips as they wore their coverings during Mass.
This all changed in the early 40ās.