There are actually two cities named Antioch in the Bible. Paul was in
Syrian Antioch many times and for extended periods. Syrian Antioch was Paulās base of operations. He was not based on Jerusalem like the other Apostles.
Syrian Antioch is located at what is now the border of Turkey and Syria, on the coast, at the Northeast corner of the Mediterranean Sea. This should not be confused with the other Antioch which is further north inside what is now modern day Turkey. Paul also visited the other Antioch on his first journey.
Syrian Antioch had a large community of Jewish converts to Christianity who fled the persecution in Judea. Acts of the Apostles says that we were first called Christians in Syrian Antioch.
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Location of Syrian Antioch in relation to Damascus and Jerusalem
Paul started and ended his first and second missionary journeys in Syrian Antioch. He started his third missionary journey there but ended it in Jerusalem. His fourth journey intended to go to Rome and then to Spain but God ended his journey in Rome.
First missionary journey, AD 46-48, Acts of the Apostles 13:4 to 14:28. Paul sailed by sea to Crete and then went to central Asia Minor. Here he visited the other city named Antioch. The other Antioch is mentioned in Acts 13:13. He started in Syrian Antioch, visited the other Antioch, and returned to Syrian Antioch. The two cities with the same name cause confusion for some.
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Paulās First Missionary Journey
Second missionary journey, AD 49-52, Acts of the Apostles 15:39 to 18:22. This is where Paul visited Phillipi, Thessalonica, Corinth, Ephesus, established Churches and later wrote them letters. This is where he famously preached to the Greeks about an āunknown godā and they laughed at him when he started talking about the resurrection of the dead.
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Paulās Second Missionary Journey
Third missionary journey, AD 53-57, Acts of the Apostles 18:23 to 21:17. Here Paul visited many of the same cities as his second journey to correct errors and give praise. He ends this journey by going up to Jerusalem, sensing that something bad will happen and his followers beg him not to go.
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Paulās Third Missionary Journey
Fourth journey (to Rome), AD 59-60, Acts of the Apostles 27:1 to 28:16. This is Paulās fateful journey, hoping to go to Spain but ending in Rome with his martyrdom. This journey included the shipwreck and welcome by the natives who try to worship him.
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Paulās Captive Journey to Rome
Paul spent much time in Syrian Antioch. It was the center of Christianity during Paulās time, more so than Jerusalem, especially after the destruction of the Temple. The dates are widely accepted by scholars.
To the OP, Galatia is actually a geographical area including āAntioch of Pisidiaā, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe. The letter to the Galatians is addressed to Churches (plural) in Galatia.
-Tim-