Here is 1 Sam 20.17. Again, from Harper Collins’ Study Bible:
The statement that Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life is an indication not only of personal affection but also of political loyalty; ****]it evokes the traditional language of ancient Near Eastern fealty oaths ****]See 18.3 which states, Jonathan and David enter into a covenant, a formal agreement of friendship and mutual loyalty. It goes on to state (past 18.3) It has been suggested that by giving David his Robe and other apparel, Jonathan is formally transferring his claim on Saul’s throne to David. Saul’s jealousy of David begins when David’s military exploits become the subject of public celebration.
[bolding mine]
This post (and his others) highlight why it is very important to leave scripture interpretation to the experts, even while we are encouraged always to engage in
lectio divina as a spiritual exercise (daily if possible). Depending on one’s own formal scriptural education (the typical Catholic has little of that, if any), lifting phrases, from verses, from chapters, from structured biblical ‘books,’ through translations, leaping centuries, into a contemporary culture vastly removed from the linguistic understandings which surrounded these ancient texts, is an exercise fraught with danger of error – especially when attempting to derive a theological conclusion from that exercise, or to question a theological conclusion of the Church.
The meaning of any text, secular or sacred, is embedded in the anthropology of the time, the literal meanings and the symbols which the original words evoked, the allusions artistically indicated by parallelisms, equivalencies, and linguistic “reminders,” etc. Further, standards of behavior within the culture, and what that behavior signified, cannot be anachronistically applied from a 21st century perspective, let alone a Western mindset. Even today in the Middle East, gestures of public affection are different than modern Western norms.
Those of us who have studied some of these texts in Hebrew, and some or all of the NT in Greek, can readily see the awkwardness of trying to simplify a translation attempt to a word or a few isolated words, without understanding the above factors, let alone not accounting for the biblical book as a whole. (Luke’s Gospel has a shape to it; Matthew’s Gospel has a shape to it, etc. That shape has significance when it comes to “meaning” in the fuller sense.)
It’s also important to recognize that Catholic biblical scholars are like biblical scholars from other faith traditions: they read widely the analyses of others. It’s sometimes assumed that Catholic scripture scholarship merely proceeds eisegetically – from theology to text-“proofing” – but that is not true. It is merely that a lot of scholarship has occurred since these texts were handed down, and that Catholic scholarship also considers the spiritual dimensions of those texts, as understood by the earliest masters, such as the Fathers, Doctors, Saints of the Church (Sacred Tradition).
Thus, theology (including moral theology) is based on:
~comprehensive scripture scholarship, applying all the tools & discipline of biblical criticism that Protestant and Jewish scholars also apply
~spiritual understanding and application of that scholarship
~the structuring of those understandings within a coherent and consistent philosophy