I would like to explore the material about activity of ''society of Jesus '' in Lviv , at the 17-th century

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Are there any sources on line , which explore the activity of Jesuits in Lviv ?
I heard that the society of Jesus , which functioned in Lviv had 15 collegiums , and this society by offering its education , had an influence on the way of thinking , had an influence on definitions , philosophy and many different aspects of the life , which made a big change on Ukraine as a country , making it a new modern country .
I am just curious to find this information in details and argumentative.
Does any one knows the sources and published works on this topic ?
 
Anything on Skarga would provide good historical information as well as on St Josaphat.

However, you will doubtless find very polemical stances taken by those writing on the subject. From the Ukrainian point of view, there really is very little that will be said that is positive of the activities of the Polish Jesuits in L’viv at that time . . .

In terms of the point you raised about opening Ukraine up to Europe, that would have been incidental. St Peter Mohyla and the bishops of the Kyivan Orthodox Baroque era went to train in Jesuit-run schools (the best in Europe at the time). The Jesuit scholastic influence on them was heavy, but it allowed them to learn and master Jesuit techniques via catechising, devotions and organization to strengthen the Kyivan Orthodox Church which was being beseiged at that time.

Alex
 
There is this tendency , especially on the East of Ukraine , to show in a negative colour the Europe and European.
There is this type of ''HOMOSOVETICUS ‘’ , which continues to condemn , criticize , despise and ignore , every thing what is ‘’ European ‘’ .
They critisize European religion , inferior literature , culture ( quoting Dostoevskiy and so on… )
Usually many of these ‘’ anti-European ‘’ people do not know even one European language , did not read or study even one European literature.
There is already also this tendency to glorification of Soviet heroes , and re-writing the history in one-sided manner .
And the worst thing is that these people criticize and condemn pro-European and partly Byzantine-Catholic part of Ukraine , calling them nationalists ( in a negative meaning ) and traitors of father’s faith , traitor’s father’s religion …
I do not know , may be genetics has influence on people’s mentality and ideals .
For example may be ‘’ Finno-Ugric ‘’ genes , are more inclined to think differently , and it reflects on their ideals ( socio-economical , political ideals )
I think that European nations used to express the ‘’ idea ‘’ , I mean the Gali-Roman Teutonic - Culture .and there are nations which acting just by gravity , by weight…
But if we go back to history , what is - ‘’ HOMOEUROPEUS ‘’ ?
Its a religion of discipline and work !
-Its a creativity , culture , civilization , in opposition to province and primitivism.
-Its a mobilization of a human unit in opposition to demobilization of human unit.
-Its a style , the cult of human dignity , its a skepticism , the ability to think critically…
In my opinion , no matter what we say - the Catholic Church , who build European civilization , gave birth to ‘’ HOMOEUROPEUS ‘’.
So , I started to be curious about the questions ;
What European features of ''HOMOEUROPEUS ‘’ Jesuites brought to the education in Ukraine ?
The Jesuites used to function ( and still functioning ) in the countries which are not Catholic , but by their schools , they had an influence to renew the countries mentality , helped to start thinking in a different definitions , let’s say ’ they helped to open the windows and doors to the West !
In what way we can say Ukraine did it with a help of Jesuit colleges ?
Can we in some way say that the fruits of Ukrainian pro-European character were the result of the seed that was sown a few centuries ago by the society of Jesus ?
Which are the proves and arguments of this assumption ?
 
Мой друг, Ты знаешь как думаю. Не сердися но вот что случилось после Унии -
Униатские епископы, при поддержке польского правительства, захватывали православные церкви и монастыри и препятствовали православным богослужениям и совершению обрядов. На православных мирян производилось всяческое давление, до применения физического воздействия включительно, чтобы заставить их перейти в унию. В городах не принимались в цехи или исключались из них православные ремесленники и тем, фактически, лишались возможности зароботxa, ибо заниматься ремеслом вне цеха было воспрещено. В селах же и деревнях православные церкви, стоявшие на землях шляхты (а владеть землей могла только шляхта), сдавались в аренду евреям, и арендаторы каждый раз за открытие церкви для совершения богослужений и треб, взымали особую плату.

Православных монахов ловили, заковывали в кандалы и сажали в тюрьму. Жаловаться же было некому. Православный митрополит Рогоза, возглавлявший православную церковь в Украине-Руси, сам перешел в унию, как и значительная часть епископов. Только епископ Львовский — Балабан, и епископ Перемышльский — Капустинский остались верны православию и мужественно за. него боролись.

Правительство же Речи Посполитой не только оставалось глухим ко всем жалобам своих православных граждан на бесчинства униатов, но и всемерно эти бесчинства и беззакония поддерживали и в них участвовали.

Сохранилось много исторических документов и свидетельских показаний того времени, являющихся страшными обвинительными актами против польско-католической агрессии при попытке насаждении унии на Руси-Украине. Например, на польском сейме, в присутствии короля депутат от Волыни, православный шляхтич Древницкий говорит: «В Могилеве, в Орше и Пинске церкви позапечатаны, священники разогнаны, Лещинский монастырь превращен в кабак; дети умирают без крещения; тела умерших вывозятся как падаль, без церковного благословения; народ живет в распутстве, невенчанный; умирает без Св. Таин… А что делается во Львове? Кто не принимает унии, тот не может жить в городе, заниматься торговлею, быть принятым в ремесленные цехи. А в Вильно? — Монахов, непреклонных унии ловят бьют и в кандалы заковывают. Тела умерших православных заставляют вывозить только через те ворота, через которые вывозят только нечистоты… Коротко сказать, великие и неслыханные притеснения русский наш народ, как в Короне, так и в Великом Княжестве Литовском переносит»… Говорит это шляхтич в присутствии короля. А как реагировал на это народ, повествует другой документ — мемуары одного современника, православного шляхтича с Киевщины — Хоревича: «А що еще и найсумнейше (найприскорбнее) было в тых борбах, що православныи Русины, огорченные як наибольше против тых своих же братей Русинов, которые унию приняли, зненавищели и их еще горше, чем наветь тех не-Русинов, що первыи унию выдумали и вводили, называли их гневно. «перекинчикам» и в часе народных борьбе грозно над ними за отступство их от давнои русской веры мстились».

И действительно, многочисленные документы свидетельствуют, с какай исключительной жестокостью расправлялось православное население Украины-Руси во времена освободительной борьбы со своими же украинцами ренегатами, перешедшими в унию.

Во времена казацких восстаний малейшего подозрения, не только в принадлежности к Унии, но даже в симпатии и в содействии ей было достаточно, чтобы попасть на кол, быть повешенным или изрубленным казацкими саблями в куски.

Отношение это к униатам настолько глубоко вошла в народное coзнаниe украинцев, что, в известной степени сохранилось и до настоящего времени и служит трудно преодолимым препятствием к взаимнопониманию между униатами с Западной Украины и основной массой украинского народа, сумевшего отстоять свою православную веру и не поддаться влиянию польской культуры.​

 
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Afanasiy

I am sorry to have made moderator upset or to have you believing I am homo-sovieticus. Of course, you too young to know how believers were suffering, how difficult to be able to practice believing when Soviet state had informant eyes everywhere.

I am interested in European culture, speaking some English - not so good as moderator would like - French, German. But I do not speak Polish although I understand such when spoken often. I am not even opposed to Polish or Polish Catolics. But Western Ukraina is still very hard place for Orthodox believers. My best friend recently had to move from Uzhhorod because of bias against Russian speaking Orthodox people, even though he speaks perfect from childhood Ukrainian. But he was considered Russian even though he never lived outside Ukraina.

Please, I try to understand Catolics - even Greko Catolics - but, my friend, I am not Sovieticus!
 
I know that the Jesuits were in charge of many schools in 17th and 18th century Ukraine. Patriarch Nikon’s reforms were based, in many ways, off of the scholarship of Ukrainians who were much better educated in the classical tradition then their muscovite Russian counterparts. Later on, Peter the Great sought church leaders from Ukraine to institute his reforms, and his star bishop was actually an ex-Greek Catholic who studied at a Jesuit school in Kyiv and was ordained in Rome, only to return to Russian Imperial territory and be received into Orthodoxy.
 
Thanks Formosus !
I think you have got the point of my question.
It would be interesting to know about arguments on this matter .
I know that collegiums were accepting people from different denominations , and this actually gave its fruits for the future renewal of thinking , for new definitions , new conceptions , new understanding , which came from Catholic Europe .

Volodymyr , , as far as I know , in Uzhgorod ( one of my favorite towns in Ukraine ) in the cathedral there is a residency of pro-Moscow’s political party.
And the Church indeed has influence on people’s hearts to make a political decisions.
That is why now ‘’ we have what we have ‘’
But in political sense , if we do not follow Europe , then we follow ‘’ province ‘’ , if not european standards of justice , freedom of speach , fighting corruption , then we follow ‘’ primitive ‘’ ways or organization of society.
If we Ukrainians , tiller’s of the ground , belong to conservative European nations , then we are not Monghols , and may be , what can be applied to Monghols must not be applied to Europeans.
Our peasant despises laziness and the culture of poverty , so - ‘‘serfdom’’ and ‘‘bolhevism’’ is not for us.
Also , if to apply the systems to up to date life - the authoritarian , pyramidal despotic type of govenrment is not a system which will bring us progress , .
For example , some people think that if you try to put democracy to Russia - the country will split and democracy system will not work out there.
We can even say , that it is proved historically.
Ok , you can tell me that - there is no such a thing as democracy.
Ok , some one said , that - democracy , its when there are many mafias not just one mafia , so yes , its better to have many than one.
Europe its not a primitive social ideals
its not a ''opression of human individual.
Europe its not a undeveloped autonomous morality
Its a cult of personaldignity , ethics of honest ‘‘work’’ and ‘‘duty’’
its a constant fight for progress
its a hard ethics which treats you like adult ( not like a kid )
excuse me
Europe
  • its a ‘’ Schiller not a Shuller ‘’ ( cheater ) 😉
    Its a ‘’ LAW ‘’ ( not a CROWN instead of Law , like Pushkin or Lermontov put it… )
    So , when I hear that Europe is not orientation for Ukriane , I just want to ask the question ; what should be the orientation for Ukraine if not Europe ?
 
Europe should most definitely be the orientation for Ukraine!

However, the Polish Jesuits do not have a high opinion among Ukrainians of any particular geographic direction because of their efforts to Polonize etc.

St Petro Mohyla and the Orthodox bishops/saints of the Baroque Era did, of course, make wide use of the Jesuit European schools (since so many of the Ukrainian aristocracy were attending them and were becoming Latinized (also Polonized) as a result.

But the Ukrainian character was always in favour of close ties with Europe. The Ukrainian Orthodox Metropolitan Ilarion Ohienko wrote that “Ukraine was never afraid of European culture.”

One could also argue that the modern nationalist movements in Ukraine were also part of European influence there.

Alex
 
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