The fossil record is one of the theory of evolution’s biggest problems. Back in Darwin’s day he thought that the gaps in the fossil record was the problem for his theory but attributed it to a lack of fossils. That is no longer a problem; we have plenty of fossils but there are still huge gaps. If evolution is correct, than fossils should show a continuum of forms with no gaps.
Actually the fossil record is very incomplete probably due to the particular nature of how fossils are formed in the first place. Usually only some catastrophic event, such as flood, or avalanche, or sudden lava flow provide the proper conditions for the mass burials necessary to produce the fossils required for study. Even still, we do have a lot of data to very strongly suggest common descent with modification.
Even more, the genetic record is doing a very good job of filling in the missing details. In fact some of the previous assumptions based on the fossil record are now being adjusted to fit with the genetic records, which is what I would expect of any genuine scientific enquiry.
As far as Augustine’s comments go, you can still have a 24-hour day without sunrise and sunset. Ask anyone who lives in Antarctica or north of the Arctic Circle.
Then why are you stressing the
evening and morning aspect of the Book of Genesis?
Anyone who lives in Antarctica or north of the Arctic Circle can
also provide adequate proof that long periods of
constant darkness or
constant sunlight both last much longer than 24 hours if I recall correctly.
During some times of the year these regions have
only evening or
only morning but not both during these
particularly long periods. This alone seems to suggest that the writer of the Book of Genesis wrote from a distinctly Middle Eastern perspective relaying divine truths in a language and idiom that they would comprehend.
I don’t know for sure. But I think the “evening and morning” aspect more reflects the Jewish thoughts regarding ‘completion’.
On the one hand, the Jewish day
starts at nightfall and ends on the
next nightfall. I think this is why they present God’s creative order in the Book of Genesis with
“and there was evening and there was morning…”
In addition to this, many other religions seemed to perceive the world around them as being in some kind of eternal cycle of constant regeneration with no real beginning or end. The Jewish writers, however, seemed to be suggesting that there is a beginning and an end to all things temporal.
In fact, whereas other religions tend to see the universe in a
non-linear fashion recycling through eternal birth and rebirth, the Jewish writers seem to be saying that there is
linear fashion or distinct cause and effect, a beginning and an end, even a Creation Event leading toward some kind of Eschatological Conclusion to the primal Creation Event.
I think this does reflect a deeper truth regarding how God operate and sustains His Creation. It seems to me that this is the reason why the Jewish writers chose this particular wording (…and there was evening and there was morning…) to set themselves apart from the pagans around them, just as God apparently commanded them to do.