They are Catholics who follow their faith on a ‘part time’ basis. When they dissent from Catholic teachings, they are DISSENTING Catholics. If they dissent from enough teachings, then they may be baptized Catholics but they have rejected their faith to become non-practicing Catholics or Catholics who reject the faith and are thus ‘protesting’ Catholics. And we know from history that "protesting Catholics’ are the forerunners of today’s Protestants.
Martin Luther WAS Catholic. To the end of his days he would have been a baptized Catholic BUT he rejected Catholic dogma and self-embraced his own LUTHERAN teaching. It would be semantics to claim him as a 'Catholic" DURING THE TIME HE DISSENTED even though he was baptized as one, for he freely rejected his faith. We might have Catholicism indelibly on our souls, but we CAN (and sadly many do) reject that faith and mark ourselves as something else.
All I (personally) would ask of a Catholic who dissents on a teaching is that he --or she --not try to pretend the dissent is ‘allowable’ or that he or she is such a good Catholic in other areas that it ‘cancels out’ dissent. That isn’t true. Until fairly modern times, people had enough intellectual integrity to be upfront, or even proud, about dissent while acknowledging that what they believed was NOT what their faith taught. They wanted the faith to accept it, but they knew and acknowledged that they were not in line with their faith belief.
NOW, however, it seems that some would want anybody with the Catholic ‘print’ (baptism certificate only required) to be ‘allowed’ to dissent from Catholic teaching and have the DISSENT accepted as an ‘alternate Catholic belief’, and have the person’s essential Catholic identity not impacted one WHIT by his or her dissent. They aren’t ALLOWED to be called non practicing or dissenting Catholics, oh heavens no, how hateful. All that matters is that they are CATHOLIC, so they can teach or proclaim their dissent and be held up as "Catholics’ even if they don’t believe a shred of Catholic teaching. That’s pretty sad.