According to the Rosary Workshop Museum, the symbols on the front have the following meanings:
HAMMER: For the nails of the Cross
HALO: Crown of Thorns (was not usually shown)
JUG or CHALICE: The Last Supper
CORDS for BINDING: Symbolize the Scourging at the Pillar
SPEAR: Piercing the side of Jesus
LADDER: On the right side of the Crucifix is a ladder-like symbol which reminds the user that the Cross is the ladder to Heaven
On the back of the Crucifix are the following symbols:
Crock and Pot: Symbols relating to Judas the betrayer
Three Spikes: The nails of the crucifixion.