Across Europe as a whole, taken as an aggregate, 72% of the population is said to be Christian.
But when you take a look at particular countries, the picture that emerges is extremely variable, with countries like the Netherlands and Estonia having a majority of atheists/agnostics. However these are small states, so their extreme irreligiosity doesn’t greatly affect the overall trend.
Christianity is predominantly being held up by states with Catholic and Orthodox cultures. Protestant Europe has practically “died”, for all intents and purposes.
Consider the results from the 2015 “Religion in the European Union” poll (the EU is just a subset of the wider continent):
Catholic (45.3%)
Protestant (11.1%)
Orthodox (9.6%)
Other Christian (5.6%)
Non-believer/Agnostic (13.6%)
Atheist (10.4%)
Muslim (1.8%)
Other religion (2.6%)
As you can see, taken together (24%) there are far more atheists/agnostics/non-believers than their are Protestants. Even if you add the 5% non-denominational “other Christians” to the Protestant total.
Breaking some of the results down into individual member states, we find that 92.9% Greeks claimed to be Eastern Orthodox in 2015 with 79% saying they believe in God in 2010 and 95.0% Maltese claimed to be Catholic in 2015, with 94% saying they believed in God in 2010. Compare those tallies with Sweden, where 36.5% described themselves as Protestant in 2015 and 18% claimed to believe in God in 2010.
The Scandinavian countries are highly atheistic or irreligious.
If it wasn’t for Catholicism, which manages to linger on as a strong cultural force in a number of traditionally Catholic nations, religion truly would be “dead” in Europe.
In the UK, Christianity has little meaning in the everyday lives of most Brits. We tend to be among the irreligious cohort, with widespread indifference or even disdain towards organised religion.
I think its worth keeping in mind what Ben Ryan, a researcher for Theos, said last year:
Europe is a Christian continent. But it’s not only a Christian continent, and that’s important to note. The space that we call ‘Europe’ is not really a geographical thing. There is no border of Europe, geographically speaking.
Instead, what defines the border of the space that we call Europe is a cultural and intellectual thing. It is a space which is defined by what has come before; it is defined by Christianity, and by Greek philosophy, and by a number of other cultural and intellectual movements. So, it’s a mistake to think we are actually a real continent. There is no such thing as a ‘geographical Europe’, it can only really be seen as an intellectual space.
Christianity is always going to be there. It’s embedded. Even the type of secularism we have in Europe today is very much a Christian secularism, and that’s not going to go away.