Is Dum Diversas real?

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Was there a papal bull called Dum Diversas that allowed “perpetual slavery?”

If this is true, how does proper apologetic work occur on this topic?
 
How ironic - I came real close to opening a thread on this myself just a few days ago. All I can find in English is a snippet on Wikepedia: Dum Diversas

I can’t even find the full text of this bull but it is a popular one for slandering the Catholic Church as endorsing slavery.

What we need to understand here is the context. This bull was written at a time of severe Muslim persecution of Christendom - Byzantine/Constantinople was under threat of attack and takeover by Muslims. In fact it was written just one year before the Muslims defeated Christian Byzantine (100-200K invaders against a mere 8,000 or so defenders). To give a context let me say that the Muslim invaders looted, pillaged and slaughtered Christians for a number of days before giving the few hiding survivors terms for their subjugation and homage if they surrendered as vassals to Islam.

The call by Pope Nicholas V (who authored this bull) was to rally Christendom to come to the aid of its members and confront Islam (the Saracens and pagan mercenaries they gained by conquering W. African pagan countries) head on. But he failed to get the European Kings to help and that is why Byzantine fell. This bull was directed to the Spanish only and was an authorization to engage the conquering Muslims and make war with them to stop their encroachment and aggression and conversion of Pagan Africa into homage by providing a quota of men of war - mercenaries . It was a time of war and at this time the Church had a definate voice of influence in government secular affairs and had to assert itself to defend innocent lives being slaughtered by the Muslim hordes. The pope uses the language and emotion of the day. Christians were terrorized by what looked like Satan himself waging war against Christendom. So the pope authorized the taking of prisoners of war and their enslavement/incarceration as a life sentence for crimes against Christendom. This is a mercy since the war convention at the time was to kill enemies due to the high cost of maintaining them and guarding or else holding the noble ones (knights/lords) as hostage for payment from their Christian families.

This bull was not a general edict to enslave people willy-nilly. It was no different than giving a life sentence to criminals with hard labor to pay back society as we still do to this very day here in the USA.

Bottom Line - Dum Diversas was a real papal bull but it in no way is a general endorsement of slavery. It is simply an authorization to the Spanish monarchy to engage the aggressor enemy of Christians in a “just war” and to take any survivors as prisoners and incarcerate them for life for their crimes against Christianity. It was all issued at a time when the Church was trying hard to rally Christendom out of its apathy to help defend our eastern Christian brothers from being defeated.

James
 
Bottom Line - Dum Diversas was a real papal bull but it in no way is a general endorsement of slavery. It is simply an authorization to the Spanish monarchy to engage the aggressor enemy of Christians in a “just war” and to take any survivors as prisoners and incarcerate them for life for their crimes against Christianity. It was all issued at a time when the Church was trying hard to rally Christendom out of its apathy to help defend our eastern Christian brothers from being defeated.
James
Did you mean to say, crimes against Christians?
 
Update - the English translation of Dum Diversas is up, but is still a little rough:

unamsanctamcatholicam.blogspot.com/2011/02/dum-diversas-english-translation.html
Wow! Thanks a lot! I hope you’ll keep us updated. 🙂 If you don’t mind, please send me a private message (PM) or an email at pholter@amrl.net if you get a significantly better translation going. For some reason, I am getting email notifications for PMs, but not for threads that I’m subscribed to.

May God bless you!

Your brother in Christ,
Pete
 
Explaining away evil by saying it “wasn’t that bad in the context of the times” smells an awful lot like moral relativism to me.
 
Let’s see…it’s either life imprisonment/slavery and a chance to repent for (what seems to be) an captured unjust aggressor to Europe at the time or outright execution of and, in the Catholic view, a one way trip to hell.

I think I’d prefer the former (though I probably yell for the latter if I lived at that time).

If they did this today with the military equivilant to what they had at the time of the crusades, they would be guilty of many war crimes.

I’m not saying that the European Crusaders wasn’t guilty of the same **** their enemy did.
 
I am really amazed at this ridiculous justification of an evil man who is directly responsible
for the death and suffering of millions of people … a suffering that continued for hundreds of years after his death.You are suggesting that without such incentives offered by the Pope
that Christians would have sat idly by as they and other Christians were being attacked by Muslims.The Dum Diversas stated …" to invade, search out, capture, vanquish, and subdue all Saracens and pagans whatsoever, and other enemies of Christ wheresoever placed …"

Nowhere in his decree did Pope Nicholas V specify that it was only applicable to those non-christians at war with Christians.Anyone without a Christian affiliation was subject
to abuse…Furthermore, the slave trade in West Africa gained momentum as a direct result of his decree.The West Africans were not at war with Christians.

He his the author of a philosophy and policy that ultimately
led to nearly 400 years of African slavery on the American continent as well as the genocide and atrocities committed against the indigenous people of same continent,
and other parts of the world.

The Dum Diversas is proof that Pope Nicholas V was not a Christian at all.His way was not the way of Jesus.Jesus would have never written such a decree.Jesus allowed himself to be beaten,and tortured ,and then crucified.If necessary,we as followers of Christ must have the strength to do the same,for when we defend ourselves through violent means,we are in effect saying that we do not believe in the promise of everlasting life.How can any man say he is a Christian when he looks to the sword for his salvation.The fact that the bones of this monster rest at St Peters Basilica says a lot about the Catholic Church itself.

Cody5
 
I am really amazed at this ridiculous justification of an evil man who is directly responsible for the death and suffering of millions of people … a suffering that continued for hundreds of years after his death.You are suggesting that without such incentives offered by the Pope …

Nowhere in his decree did Pope Nicholas V specify that it was only applicable to those non-christians at war with Christians.Anyone without a Christian affiliation was subject
to abuse…Furthermore, the slave trade in West Africa gained momentum as a direct result of his decree.The West Africans were not at war with Christians.

He his the author of a philosophy and policy that ultimately
led to nearly 400 years of African slavery on the American continent as well as the genocide and atrocities committed against the indigenous people of same continent,
and other parts of the world.

The Dum Diversas is proof that Pope Nicholas V was not a Christian at all.His way was not the way of Jesus.Jesus would have never written such a decree.Jesus allowed himself to be beaten,and tortured ,and then crucified.If necessary,we as followers of Christ must have the strength to do the same…

How can any man say he is a Christian when he looks to the sword for his salvation.The fact that the bones of this monster rest at St Peters Basilica says a lot about the Catholic Church itself.

Cody5
Cody, you are judging from a distance of many centuries from the events and without any real historical basis or insight into what was going on at this time. You judge a man’s soul to be evil - would Christ have done that? You are falling into the trap of anachronistic projection - using the triumphant fruits of current Christian mores to judge a time that was extremely barbaric and where life was cheap. In these days slavery was the NORM all over the planet as was serving in the military or as a mercenary as a means of employment. The Muslims were the aggressors and were invading through Christian lands - North Africa, The Holy Lands (controlled by Christians 600 years BEFORE Muhammad even allegedly lived) Spain, France, the entire Mediterranean sea lanes and trade were being controlled by the Muslims in a stranglehold on Christendom. Muslims routinely sacked Christian cities, took Christian virgin girls as sex slaves and gifts. The boys were castrated and forced into military service (Janissary) and indoctrinated to fight to the death AGAINST their own people when they grew up of age. You have closed your mind to what conditions were like and have some naive love-and-lollipops world view that is not rooted in reality.

If not for the Catholic Popes rallying the Christian Kings out of their petty infighting to defend Christendom all of it would have fallen. In fact, the historical myth is that the Germanic barbarians are the one’s who ushered in the dark ages when they sacked Rome - not true. They were in fact part of the Roman empire and just wanted more of the wealth and retained the greater part of the culture though it was weakened. It was the Muslims who really caused the collapse of the Roman Empire (opportunistically playing into the losses of Byzantines in the Persian wars and the devastation of the black plague). It LOOKED like Armageddon to the Christians with all the wars, pillaging, kidnapping and encircling Muslim armies. Luther later went into hysterics about it and equated the Muslim persecution as evidence of disfavor of God for The Church.

Christendom was fighting for its very existence as the Muslims took no prisoners who did not convert or pay homage or could not be sold as slaves. Humans ALWAYS have a right to self defense.

And yes the European Kings often did not desire to fight these wars and it took a lot of persuasion by individual Christian religious (e.g. St. Bernard) to get them roused to arms. The first crusade was over a century late in responding to the first wave of Muslim country aggression. African slavery came out of ISLAMIC expansion into Africa (and their own inter-tribal fighting). Ironically it was later some Protestant Bishops of England along with many British nobles and opportunists who were owners of slave trading companies. They took advantage of the large number of prisoner African slaves. They “bought low and sold high” from the Muslims to the America’s as intermediaries (since they could not tax America as a colony after the revolution).

The Catholic Church had nothing to do with the slave trade. You can’t blame that on The Catholic Church. Catholics had been outspoken against slavery as far back as St. Patrick (himself a slave) in the 4th century. It took a long time to change attitudes about slavery since it was vital to most nation’s economies and trade.

What is ironic is that in the west it is BECAUSE of the Catholic Church forming and advancing its teachings against slavery that is slowly became the normative for The West (although its still in existence in various forms in many other places). So you’re in a position of using the current mores to beat up the very organization that was morally instrumental in banishing slavery. How very ironic. You need to step back and see that history is not so long. It was not even a century ago until most people could even read and write. Slavery was banished in the USA only a century & a half ago. Humanity is still not very civilized and is currently regressing toward rank hedonism and paganism once again as it abuses the fruits of its Christian blessings. We can expect dystopia and a return to it all again (possibly in our own generation) unless we turn the current trends.

My advice is don’t be so judgmental about condemning a person as evil who you have only anachronistic historical knowledge of at the same time you harp on about them being non-Christian. You set yourself up for making yourself a hypocrite by the same standard of judgement…
 
Explaining away evil by saying it “wasn’t that bad in the context of the times” smells an awful lot like moral relativism to me.
Judging righteous acts of valor and courage in the face of overwhelming naked-force and aggression as “evil” is the epitome evidence of a corrupt and ill-formed conscience and a disordered compassion that is co-joined with amorality and hypocrisy.

“They” called Christ evil too:

*Isaiah 5:20
Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who put darkness for light and light for darkness, who put bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter.

Mark 3:28-30
I tell you the truth, all the sins and blasphemies of men will be forgiven them. But whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will never be forgiven; he is guilty of an eternal sin.” 30 He said this because they were saying, “He has an evil spirit.”
*

What moral standard do you calibrate your moral-compass to? Personal prejudices and feelings? *Cura te ipsum *
 
Let’s see…it’s either life imprisonment/slavery and a chance to repent for (what seems to be) an captured unjust aggressor to Europe at the time or outright execution of and, in the Catholic view, a one way trip to hell.

I think I’d prefer the former (though I probably yell for the latter if I lived at that time).

If they did this today with the military equivilant to what they had at the time of the crusades, they would be guilty of many war crimes.

I’m not saying that the European Crusaders wasn’t guilty of the same **** their enemy did.
We do in fact give life sentences to US soldiers as well as enemies for military crimes. It was not long ago that American Military shot or hung traitors or those in derelict of duty or cowardice. The military codes are still in place to execute spies and own soldiers but they are not often used anymore. President Obama just authorized essentially an assissination of Osama Bin Laden as well as Muammar Muhammad al-Gaddafi and even a US Muslim citizen (Anwar al-Awlaki ) without even a cursory military trial. Predictably we never hear anyone on “the left” showing outrage over this though…
 
President Obama just authorized essentially an assissination of Osama Bin Laden…
If you want to debate Osama bin Laden’s death there’s a thread for that, because I don’t think it’s nearly as cut and dry as you’re making it out to be, and several other people seem to share this view.

The thread for this debate is in the Philosophy sub-forum. I mention this because I don’t believe the killing of Osama bin Laden to be unjust or morally wrong.
 
Where is the original text, who did the translation and where is there a verified set of translations of the Papal Bulls?

I have looked online and it seems there are only a limited selection of Papal Bulls officially available. It is recognized that translations may be different, they are always complicated, even when current languages are used, and may be all but impossible in historic documents yet tranlsations are used widely and sometimes in highly controversial manners. In the Catholic Church there is a long history of scholarship and study so it may be simply that I have not found the right source.
 
SherrieAnn,

The English translation I posted (unamsanctamcatholicam.blogspot.com/2011/02/dum-diversas-english-translation.html) was done by Dr. Olga Izzo, retired Professor of Latin from Calgary University and formerly of Ave Maria University.

The Latin text I found in the rare book collection at the University of Michigan, along with a collection of many other bulls pertaining to the Kingdom of Portugal. A lot of stuff has never been translated into English.
 
Hello Boniface,
Thank you for the name and reference. Has she done any more work on the translation?

I hae seen much on the web describing Dum Diversas as globally supporting enslavement of all non-Europeans and while it seems they may be referencing a single translation the sheer volume caught my attention. Are you aware of any academic or Vatican supported effort to translate the historic Church documents, especially the ones relevant to prominent issues today?

Facing the extremism individually is neither wise nor helpful in my experience. As these are the historic documents of the Church some modern scholarship could be a positive move by Church leaders seeking to foster understanding, open dialogs and perhaps face and deal with some historic Church positions which have been deemed a reflection of the times they were developed and since superceded by later decrees and writings.

As the main functioning global court is the International Criminal Court(ICC) with primary jurisdiction over war crimes and genocide within the UN framework this type of scholarship can become important and highly relevant should a case ever be raised against the Church with either issue. I am not concerned with the validity of the case as much as with the implications of it even facing the court(which admittedly has jurisdiction only since its creation in the late 1940s–but which jurisdiction may, argueably be invoked should the allegations of the continuance of the policy be claimed and even minimally evedentially supported).

As an Observer State at the UN the Holy See can be potentially brought into a case. In law because something has not been done does not mean it cannot be done, or attempted. Rule of human law is, in my opinion, far better than rule of weapons, as much as possible, be the weapons anything from fists to warheads. The Papal Bulls can fall into this realm of law and Canon law experts may be working to prepare for this eventually but so far I cannot find the general scholarship needed to support any legal position on the issues. The posting of a single tanslation, albeit less than perfect is a start–and a start I hope others will follow. 👋
 
We do in fact give life sentences to US soldiers as well as enemies for military crimes. It was not long ago that American Military shot or hung traitors or those in derelict of duty or cowardice. The military codes are still in place to execute spies and own soldiers but they are not often used anymore. President Obama just authorized essentially an assissination of Osama Bin Laden as well as Muammar Muhammad al-Gaddafi and even a US Muslim citizen (Anwar al-Awlaki ) without even a cursory military trial. Predictably we never hear anyone on “the left” showing outrage over this though…
Attached is a photo of the POW camps that were located in what is now Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona. We used to ride our bikes over to look around in the abandoned buildings. During WWII, they were used to keep German POWs in, and they were sent out to do manual labor in the cotton and citrus fields around the city, as most able-bodied farm laborers were in the military and it was felt that enemy combatants should have to work to earn their keep.

This was a similar situation to the use of captured soldiers as forced labor as described. Countries, such as Portugal, did not maintain large Guantanamo-like POW prisons for captured soldiers, so their choices were forced labor or death.

(As an aside, the German soldiers in Arizona were not mistreated and based on memoirs, were very happy to be out of a war zone, not freezing to death on the eastern front, and were doing the sort of farm labor many of them had grown up doing in Germany. Although a few nazi fanatics staged a (successful) prison break during Christmas, 1944, the conditions, as transmitted back to Germany from Red Cross observer reports, generally led to better conditions for American POWs in Germany, whereas English and Russian soldiers faced much worse conditions in comparison.)
 
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