With regard to the original post, first the question must be asked, “What is the objective standard of what is good or evil?”
If we cannot come to a common understanding with regard to this answer, then the rest is difficult to discuss. As Catholics, we use Catholic epistemology that answers the above question: God.
Thus, we come to believe things are true based upon three kinds of evidence:
- Experience
- Reason
- Testimony of others
If we believe behavior X is good or behavior Y is evil, we come to that believe because of the kind of evidence that I’ve described above. I can think of no other evidence (perhaps one might add something else?).
From a Catholic perspective, the PRINCIPLE norm for determining good or evil moral acts, is from testimony–that is, God’s testimony as promulgated by the magisterium of the Church. If one’s experience and reason conflict with the testimony of God Himself as promulgated by the Divinely established magisterium, then one’s experience or reason must be flawed. Many have difficulty admitting that the flaw must reside within their own reason or experience, and prefer to blame the teachings of God as presented by the Church. But that is contrary to a Catholic epistemology.
A watch, for example, behaves either GOOD or BAD if it behaves in accord with its purpose. If a watch doesn’t keep time, it does not act in accord with its purpose, and keeps time badly. Humans are no different. God is no different. Yet, who knows God’s purpose perfectly enough to assert that He has behaved contrary to his own purpose?
Our purpose as human beings is to know, love, and serve God. It certainly is not to judge God. In the service of God, we must behave according to His will for us for the purpose he created us. The Lord is the giver of life. He is also the taker of life. He can give and He can take life directly, but He also gives and takes life through others.
He gives the gift of life with every new breath a person takes. This is a undeserved gift. If God were to decide not to continue to give this gift, there would be no breach of justice in doing so for any person, or even the entire world. Thus, the Lord of life decides both whether we shall continue to live, or the manner in which we shall die.
If God should decide to punish others through rulers instead of directly, then this too cannot be a breach of justice. For instance, St. Paul describes how such rulers are doing the ministry of God through the use of the
sword in executing the wrath of God upon evildoers.
Rom 13:3-4 "
For rulers are not a terror to good conduct…he is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain; he is the servant of God to execute his wrath on the wrongdoer. "
This New Testament view is the same as in the Old Testament.
When the Hebrews were told to utterly destroy the Amelakites by God, it was no less just than when God flooded the earth. The Lord Himself decided it, and he is the objective standard for what is good and evil.
To try to attribute to God an immoral act is to claim that there is a different standard than God as to what is good and evil, which should be trusted other than God. If this is the claim, that what is the more trustworthy standard of moral behavior than the being which created everything? Our limited experience? Our fallible reason?