I disagree with this interpretation. Different Marys were conflated, yes, but I don’t think there’s any sinister agenda behind it. I mean, you have the same case occurring with the various men named ‘James’/‘Jacob’ and ‘Judah’/‘Judas’/‘Jude’. I think later Christians simply found that having multiple persons all sharing the same name to be confusing and unfamiliar to them, so they imagined that these were all actually the same person.
A few things to know about Jewish naming customs in the 1st century:
- There was only a limited stock of names to choose from: Y(eh)udah (= Judah, Judas, Jude), Ya’aqob (= Jacob, James), Ye(ho)shua (= Joshua, Jesus), Matityahu (= Mattathias, Matthias, Matthew), Ye(ho)hanan (= J(eh)ohanan, John), Shim(e)on (= Simeon, Simon), Y(eh)osef (= Joseph), Eleazar (= Lazarus), Hananiah/Hanina (= Ananias, Annas), Shelamzion/Shalom (= Salome), Miryam/Maryam/Maryah (= Miriam, Mary), Y(eh)ohana (= Joanna), Shipra/Shapira (= Sapphira). Seriously, the majority of Jews in Palestine in those days had one of these names. They didn’t try to be creative in terms of name-giving; instead they tended to stick to the commonly-used, popular ones.
If you want statistics:
* 15.6% of Palestinian Jewish men in those days were either ‘Simon’ or ‘Joseph’
- 41.5% of men had one of the top nine male names (in order: Simon, Joseph, Eleazar, Judah, Joh(ana)n, Joshua/Jesus, Ananias, Jonathan, and Matthew/Matthias)
- 28.6% of Palestinian Jewish women were either ‘Mary’ or ‘Salome’
- 49.7% of women had one of the top nine names (Mary, Salome, Shelamzion, Martha, Joanna, Sapphira, Berenice, Imma, and Mara)
- There was a custom (especially among the ruling aristocracy) of reusing the same names within different generations of the same family. So kids were often named after after their parents (patronymy/matronymy), grandparents (papponymy), or some distant ancestor.
- It’s not coincidental that the names of the four Maccabee brothers and their dad (Mattathias, Judas/Judah, Sim(e)on, John, Jonathan, Eleazar) were among the most common names. Same goes for ‘Mary’ (Herod the Great’s second wife was the Hasmonean princess Mariam(m)e) and ‘Salome’ (Salome Alexandra, one of only two women to rule over Judea - the other was Athaliah in the OT period - and the last ruler of Judea to die as the ruler of an independent kingdom). In other words, these names were popular (to the point of being overused) in part because they were the names of famous people.
Well, Jesus was hardly a wandering vagrant, despite a few modern authors out there making it appear like He was. (Apparently, they take Jesus’ words that “the Son of man has nowhere to lay His head”
too literally.) From the gospels we know that He did receive some financial support from followers. I mean, one of His female disciples was Joanna wife of Chuza, Antipas’ house-steward.