Is Ordinatio Sacerdotalis an infallible declaration?

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Lamb100:
As a relatively new Catholic who was in an RCIA class taught by some in favor of women’s ordination–I’ve been searching for an answer to the question, basically, “What must we do to be saved?” Back when I almost became a Baptist, this was an easy question to answer! This past year or so has been a constant struggle with despair. I read a lot–too much, really–but the amount of information out there is just endless. I believe in my faith, absolutely, but there have been times in the last year that I almost fell into despair except for the Blessed Sacrament. How on earth do I explain my faith to my non-Catholic friends? I was formed by a Lutheran world view, and granted, it’s too late and I’m too tired now to really study this thread, but my Protestant friends and family, with their horror of legalism…I have to ask, is this what Jesus really wants us to do? Understand, I’m not doubting the authority of the magisterium–I love the Pope and the Church and just want to know and understand. But all I run into, it seems is a lot of intellectual arrogance and obfuscation. What in the heck are we supposed to believe as Catholics??? Really, I’ve about given up finding an answer to this question.
We are to believe the moral and doctrinal teachings of the Church. Plain and simple. This thread, and anyone’s personal opinion on whether or not Ordinatio Sacerdotalis was an infallible declaration is not an issue over which to despair for the Catholic faith or the Church.

I would have to re-read this entire thread to be sure, but I don’t think that anyone who has participated so far is guilty of intellectual arrogance or obfuscation. The purpose of this debate has been to try and make clear the various reasons for holding the different positions; not to prove anyone else wrong and certainly not to obfuscate the issue. In all, I consider it to be a success for, even if you decide that you cannot reach a conclusion, I think that the reasons for holding the various positions have been very clearly stated.

Peace!
 
After getting some sleep, it was easier to follow the thread. It does indeed appear to be an unmistakeably infallible teaching, whether it’s ex cathedra or not. Even Hans Kung thought so, which really clinched it for me! 😉

I really like the idea someone mentioned that even though the Pope has said it’s part of the ordinary Magisterium, his comment used ex cathedra type language, and maybe the Holy Spirit is trying to tell us something–cool! Perhaps some day it will be a dogma. Reading it, it certainly seems to me to be ex cathedra language…but it’s not, if the Pope says it’s not. Of course, if he fallibly says it’s not…aaaarrghhh!!! Actually, the reason I feel it’s not ex cathedra, also, is that it really isn’t unmistakably clear, is it, if there’s any debate at all. If it were ex cathedra, the pro-women’s ordination people would keep quiet. No matter, it’s still infallible and binding.

Seriously, though, I maintain that I have a valid point and didn’t deserve the quasi-rebuke of that post. A new convert coming into the church with no Catholic exposure whatsoever, trying to sort through history and doctrine, faces quite a challenge. I’ve always been only interested in being faithful to the Magisterium. And yet, it’s been like pulling teeth to find answers to questions which all Catholics deserve to know clearly. In an article in this month’s issue of This Rock, “Making Converts of Cradle Catholics”, the author puts it much more clearly than I did. She was referring to how to get the truths of the Faith across (evangelization), and said “We also must clarify how to discern the Church’s true voice and how to distinguish what cannot be changed from what can be altered as the Holy Spirit directs–in other words, distinguishing Tradition from traditions and doctrine from discipline.” Honestly, I still really don’t know clearly what is Tradition and what is tradition. This does have a real-world implication, as in—if I can’t get some handle on what we believe and why, how am I ever going to answer my husband’s questions (he’s still a non-Catholic)? How can one do apologetics if you don’t have any answers

I maintain that this is a basic right of believers…we need to know what are the unchangeable doctrines, and what are simply disciplines, and what sort of adherence must be given to each. Why? Our salvation is at stake–I’d say it’s important to know what must be held as coming from Christ and what must be held definitively, as opposed to disciplines. Otherwise we find ourselves arguing as though against heretics about something like priestly celibacy, which isn’t an issue to get all excited about.

I think cradle Catholics just don’t realize how completely in the dark new converts are–and we aren’t getting the answers in RCIA, because–for instance, I would ask questions in good faith, intending to be loyal, with no personal agendas (mostly because I was ignorant of the factions in the Church at the time), and people would get all defensive, and say things that only clouded the issue. Until I did much more reading, I felt like I had entered the Twilight Zone. It’s like the police say, I’d get “hinky” feelings. Now of course I understand that almost all the confusion is due to people who want to have their own way, regardless of what Christ’s and his church want. Now…maybe the posters of this thread are superhuman, saintly folks who are never tempted by despair, but I’m not one of them. I don’t seriously think you all are either, so don’t go getting all preachy on me, ok?

Yes, we must be obedient to all teachings, even disciplines (I think, anyway–from what I’ve been able to figure out). But it’s important to teach clearly which is which.

That being said, this quote (from the same article) applies: “About Jesus Christ and the Church I simply know they’re just one thing, and we shouldn’t complicate the matter.” (St. Joan of Arc) Actually, for apologetics purposes, this may be enough. Just follow the Pope’s teachings, and don’t worry so much. Submitting to authority is a totally new experience for me, and really quite easy. But my brain is still formed by a lifetime of Lutheran theology. Intellectual protest and wanting “the answers” is not an easy zeitgeist to shake off.

I’ll grant that I was tired, didn’t read the whole thread, and interjected a personal thought into an intellectual discussion–sorry about that–but I maintain there seems to be a lot of pomposity going around. Oh yes, and how about a little sensitivity for the ordinary educated, reading and thinking new Catholic convert who feels like a sheep who fell in a ditch much of the time…hmmm?

God bless–I’ve learned a great deal from struggling through this complicated thread.
 
Another thing–Thomas Aquinas didn’t believe in the Immaculate Conception, right? but he was free to do so because it had at that time not been defined as doctrine, from what I understand.

Not that I have anything in mind at the moment, but before I go opposing a theological view, I want to make dang sure (that’s a theological term of art. ;)) that I’m not opposing God or the Church. Sometimes it’s not easy to figure out.

Also, I’m thinking of the theological opinions in the notes to the NAB Bibles…how does a new convert like me know for sure which thoughts are safe…and which will land you in hot water with God?

These are sort of rhetorical questions–I just wanted you all to know why it’s not illogical to wonder why finding Christian truth seems so difficult.

In Christ’s Peace,
Lamb
 
My previous post was not intended as a rebuke in any way, but rather as an encouragement not to despair over the fact that this issue can be so ardently debated by faithful Catholics. I have heard this despair voiced by many who see it as a sign against the Church’s unity - which it is not. After all, whether or not Ordinatio Sacerdotalis was an infallible declaration of Catholic Teaching, what it taught was itself infallible teaching and has been accepted as such by most, if not all, who have participated in this thread so far.

Actually, your concern is the same as mine and is the reason I started this thread. Determining the difference between Tradition and tradition was part of the reason that the doctrine of infallibility was defined by Vatican I. It was a study through the history of papal declarations that revealed the qualities of those declarations which were infallibly binding and that study resulted in defining the conditions of what constitutes a papal ex cathedra statement. (All declarations by a bishop are ex cathedra but only a pope’s ex cathedra statements are binding on the consciences of all Catholics.)

Also, please note that the pope has not stated that Ordinatio Sacerdotalis was not infallible. He has approved statements which primarily addressed questions about what the document taught and which also stated that Ordinatio Sacerdotalis was not an infallible declaration. This is not quite the same thing as I have tried to point out earlier.

Tradition consists of the unchanging teaching of the Church. Things like Christ’s Real Presence in the Eucharist, the structure of the Church, and the fact that the Church can only ordain men. These teachings are those that were consistently taught by the Early Fathers, which has been taught by an ecumenical council, and by infallible papal declaration. “tradition” consists of those things which are really disciplines but which can be shown to have not been universally held or practiced or which have changed over time. For example, the celebration of Easter on Sunday, the requirement of celebacy for priests in the Latin Rite, not eating meat on Friday.
 
David–thank you for clearing that up–I feel much better. Your initial statement did sound abrupt to me, but then again, I just jumped into the thread and we don’t know each other or where we’re coming from–I thought about that later and realized I need to work on assuming people’s best intentions in a communications format like this.

Your comments about “T” and “t” tradition did help me. One more question–it appears that “ex cathedra” and “infallible” are different categories, in that there are infallible teachings that are not ex cathedra. In other words, they’re not synonyms, right? I believe someone else may have brought this up, but when I first read Ludwig Ott’s comments on p. 10 I believe of Fundamentals of Christian Dogma, it confused me because if I recall he limits infallibility to only the decisions of General Councils and papal decisions ex cathedra. (And the only ex cathedra decisions are the 2 ones about Mary’s immaculate conception and assumption, right?). This gets translated to statements in RCIA and from the pulpit that “There have only been 2 infallible, ex cathedra statements.” Is it any wonder we’re all confused?

Now I realize this comment by Ott is outdated, since it was before Vatican II and other documents like CDF’s remarks on the Professio Fidei (sorry if I’m making mistakes here–I don’t have these documents before me right now). There seems to have been added a secondary category of infallible doctrine, which requires an assent similar to that given to the revealed truths (dogmas) either by ex cathedra statements or bishops in a council. (And then of course there’s that third category which isn’t as binding. Ludwig Ott appears to have about 5 or 6 different levels of assent, but I could be wrong in concluding that?) Am I right in concluding that this secondary level isn’t really an addition but a development of already existing truth? From what I gather from reading Ratzinger’s paper, if we deny either category 1 or 2 we’re basically screwed. So…why the distinction? :::sigh:::

And…believe me, I’m not a dissenter, but I have to wonder–if comments by congregations of the Vatican are not infallible (I believe Ott said this)–Ratzinger could be totally wrong about all this. Really, just trying to be fair to people who honestly believe there is some logical support for believing women’s ordination is a discipline…(now, don’t you all get excited about this, please! :))

After those garbled paragraphs, maybe I don’t have the right to complain, but I had to laugh at this one, David–with all good humor–seriously–when I read this:

<<Also, please note that the pope has not stated that Ordinatio Sacerdotalis was not infallible. He has approved statements which primarily addressed questions about what the document taught and which also stated that Ordinatio Sacerdotalis was not an infallible declaration. This is not quite the same thing as I have tried to point out earlier>>

As we say in the South, “Huh? Say wha…???” :whacky:

May the peace of Christ be with you,
Lamb
 
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Catholic2003:
Matt16_18 beat me to the punch. Cardinal Ratzinger has clearly stated that the document Ordinatio Sacerdotalis is an exercise of the ordinary (non-infallible) papal magisterium…
There is no “ordinary papal magisterium” of the Church. The Church uses the phrase “ordinary and universal magisterium”. Also, there is no Church document that defines the ordinary and universal magisterium" as “non-infallible”.
 
JOE OBERR:
There is no “ordinary papal magisterium” of the Church.
Cardinal Ratzinger seems to think there is. From post #8:
In this case, an act of the ordinary Papal Magisterium, in itself not infallible, witnesses to the infallibility of the teaching of a doctrine already possessed by the Church
JOE OBERR:
The Church uses the phrase “ordinary and universal magisterium”.
There is something called the “ordinary and universal magisterium”, but it is different than the “ordinary papal magisterium.”
JOE OBERR:
Also, there is no Church document that defines the ordinary and universal magisterium" as “non-infallible”.
That’s because the ordinary and universal magisterium is infallible. It is the ordinary papal magisterium that is non-infallible.

See this thread and this thread for more details.
 
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Lamb100:
One more question–it appears that “ex cathedra” and “infallible” are different categories, in that there are infallible teachings that are not ex cathedra. In other words, they’re not synonyms, right?
I’m on a break at work so I have to [try and] keep this brief. (That’s not easy for me; which you know if you’ve read some of my posts!) 😃

“Ex cathedra” literally means “from the seat” and it refers to the seat of authority which all bishops hold as head of their particular church and, in a special way, to that authority which the bishop of Rome has over the universal Church. Vatican I defined this latter category and explained that when these pronouncements are made, they are protected from error by the Holy Spirit; i.e., they are infallible.

You are correct, however, in your conclusion that papal ex cathedra declarations are not the only teachings which receive such protection from the Holy Spirit. Another example are the doctrinal and moral teachings promulgated by an ecumenical council. There is also an infallible nature that can be present in the Church’s ordinary universal teaching authority; although these can be harder to distinguish because an investigation of history is involved.

This can be illustrated by a topic related to this thread, “Does the Church have the authority to ordain women?” I say that this topic is only related to this thread because the actual topic is the declaration Ordinatio Sacerdotalis itself and not what was actually declared. If you examine the historical position of the Church on this question, you will find that the Church has always maintained in its ordinary magisterium that she does not have the authority to ordain women. This has always been the case, has always been maintained, and opposing views have always been rejected by the overwhelming majority of the Church’s bishops. Additionally, the Church has only ever recognized the ordination of men. Therefore, we can conclude that this teaching is infallible even if Ordinatio Sacerdotalis does not contain an infallible declaration of that teaching.

Another example is contraception. While many Christians know that all Christian churches taught that contraception was morally evil until the early 20th century (1930), many people don’t realize that both abortion and contraception predate Christianity and that the teaching that contraception is morally evil has been a consistent part of Church teaching since the Chruch’s foundation. The pope reminded the Anglicans of this in 1930 and the Catholic Church is about the only Christian Church that still maintains this teaching. This is why Paul VI had to maintain Church teaching when he promulgated Humanae Vitae, even though the commission assigned to review the question of modern methods of contraception in the latter 20th century had recommended that the teaching could be changed. The constant teaching of the ordinary universal magisterium of the Church is infallible.

When it comes to “traditions,” however, you will not find this consistency. The date on which we celebrate Easter is a good example in this case. In the 3rd and 4th centuries contraversy arose because certain popes wanted to force the practice of the Latin Rites onto the Eastern Rites. The bishops and patriarchs of those rites pleaded their case by pointing out that their method of choosing the date on which to celebrate Easter went back to the Apostles that founded their churches. Since the methods of determing the date to celebrate Easter were never universal, none of them could be a matter of doctrinal importance. To further illustrate this, we can look at the fact that the Christian Church, in all rites, had universally adopted Sunday as the new Sabbath for Christians. We are required to keep the Sabbath and we are required to accept that Sunday is our Sabbath.
 
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Lamb100:
Am I right in concluding that this secondary level isn’t really an addition but a development of already existing truth?
I haven’t looked at Ott’s book in a while so I will point out that I am assuming here that you are talking about the requirement to assent to what is called the development of dogma. If this is the case, your conclusion is correct. For example, if you read the section in the Catechism that discusses the 10 Commandments, you will find lengthy explanations of the full implications of those commandments in our lives. These full explanations go well beyond the simple statements of the Commandments. Thus we learn that the Commandment against murder entails a respect for the fundamental dignity of life and goes beyond simply proscribing against one particular sin.

This teaching is based on the reasoned exploration of the full implication of the teaching. It never changes or contradicts the existing teaching. This is often misunderstood by non-Catholics. Papal infallibility is a perfect example of this. Many non-Catholics I have encountered conclude that, because the Pope is infallible, he could actually change an existing teaching; that he could even declare that which was sinful to no longer be sinful and vice versa. This is, of course, not true because no Catholic teaching exists in a vacuum - apart from the rest of Catholic teaching. Papal infallibiltiy must be accepted by Catholics as must the teaching that doctrine cannot change. Evil cannot become holy and sin cannot become virtue.

There is further confusion when certain traditions (disciplines) are changed; such as abstaining from meat on Fridays. It used to be a sin to eat meat on Fridays and now it is not. Have I just contradicted what I previously stated? NO. The reason is found in WHY it was a sin to eat meat of Fridays. That reason is because it is a sin to disobey the Church and not observe the disciplines she requires; not because there was ever anything inherently evil about eating meat on a Friday. Therefore, we can see that the doctrine and dogma has not changed. Catholics are still required to follow the Church’s discipline and practice some form of penance on Fridays. Permission has been granted in some churches to allow for a penance other than abstaining from meat to fulfill this obligation.

This explanation has wandered off the topic of this thread - which is against the forum rules. If you would like to discuss this futher, please either send me a private message or start a new thread and let me know what it is called.

Peace!
 
Pretty good for a lunch hour! God bless you and thanks for taking the time to make such helpful posts. I may just print them out, they explain things so well.

I read a detailed explanation somewhere–maybe This Rock magazine, but I’m not sure–on how the new discipline is that Friday penance is actually not binding on us, but just a strong recommendation. Still, I think it’s an important practice we need to get back to in order to appreciate Christ’s sacrifice.

Figuring out just where infallibility lies in the ordinary magisterium leaves lots of room for dissent and debate, doesn’t it? I guess it’s hard sometimes to know exactly when “Rome has spoken.” I personally believe a Catholic’s general disposition should be one of submission and respect. Defiance is not a Christian virtue…

Yes–I think we’re talking about the same thing–doctrine, or Catholic truth I think it’s called–I was referring to the “Doctrinal Commentary on the Concluding Formula of the Professio Fidei” by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, regarding teachings on faith and morals “definitively proposed.”

Thank you so much!
 
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