‘Generals Love Napalm’
But a Pentagon official told Agence France-Presse (AFP) on Thursday that U.S. forces used the new type against Iraqi forces in their drive towards Baghdad and defended their use as legal and necessary.
The official, who did not wish to be identified, said that U.S. marines jets dropped the fire bombs at least once to destroy Iraqi positions at Safwan.
"It is like this: you’ve got [an] enemy that’s hard to get at. And it will save your own lives to use it. There were no international conventions against it, the official said.
Marines used the bombs on at least two other occasions during the drive to Baghdad, the San Diego Union-Tribune reported this week.
“The generals love napalm, … it has a big psychological effect,” the paper quoted Alles as saying.
Marine Corps Maj-Gen Jim Amos confirmed to the paper that napalm was used on several occasions in the invasion.
A 1980 U.N. convention banned the use against civilian targets of napalm. The U.S., which did not sign the treaty, is one of the few countries that makes use of the weapon, as it was employed notoriously against both civilian and military targets in the Vietnam war, according to the Independent.
The revelation that napalm was used in the invasion of Iraq, while the Pentagon denied it, has outraged opponents of the war.
“Most of the world understands that napalm and incendiaries are a horrible, horrible weapon,” Robert Musil, director of the organization Physicians for Social Responsibility, told the British paper.
“It takes up an awful lot of medical resources. It creates horrible wounds.” Musil said denial of its use “fits a pattern of deception [by the U.S. administration]”.
It Is Still Napalm
The Pentagon said it had not tried to deceive. It drew a distinction between traditional napalm, first invented in 1942, and the weapons dropped in Iraq, which it calls Mark 77 firebombs. They weigh 510lbs, and consist of 44lbs of polystyrene-like gel and 63 gallons of jet fuel.
John Pike, director of the military studies group
GlobalSecurity.Org, said: “You can call it something other than napalm but it is still napalm. It has been reformulated in the sense that they now use a different petroleum distillate, but that is it. The U.S. is the only country that has used napalm for a long time. I am not aware of any other country that uses it.”
Musil said the Pentagon’s effort to draw a distinction between the weapons was outrageous.
“It’s Orwellian. They do not want the public to know. It’s a lie,” he said.
After the offensive on Iraq ended, Iraqis began to complain about unexploded cluster bombs that still litter their areas and the U.S. forces failed to take them away.