I know of no serious scholar who proposes that the Israelite Yhwh is a direct borrowing of specifically the obscure Egyptian moon deity
Iah (
jȝḥ) or even the Canaanite Yariḥ. In fact, we aren’t even completely sure where the name
Yhwh comes from or what it originally meant, although the consensus is that it is associated with the root היה
h-y-h (
hāyah) ‘to become’ (cf. Exodus 3:14: אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה
’ehyeh ’ăšer ’ehyeh “
I-be that I-be;” traditionally “I am that I am”).
Now, in the topographical list of Amenhotep III (c. 1395-1358 BC) the expression
tȝ šȝsw yhwȝ], “the land of
Shasu-Yhw” appears. Similar references occur in a block from Soleb (also from Amenhotep’s reign) and twice in lists from Medinet Habu (Rameses III, 1186-1155 BC). In addition, there are quite a number of names which consist of or contain the יה (
yh) element attested in various Western Semitic contexts, which might be that of a god (or gods) known to the local inhabitants.
Considering these attestations, there have been a popular suggestion that
Yhwh and His name might have been already known in some form to certain peoples like the Edomites, Midianites and Kenites even before the Israelites, the so-called “Kenite hypothesis.” Support for this is generally gleaned from the fact that Moses was associated with the priest Reuel/Jethro (Exodus 2:16; 3:1-6; 18:1); the latter might have been the one who taught Moses the name. In addition, there is also the portrayal of the Rechabites (descendants of the Kenites) as staunch Yahwists, with links to Israel. There is also the portrayal of Yhwh as coming from Edom in the south (cf. Judges 5:4). However, some point out certain problems with this theory, such as the fact that Jethro is named as “a priest of Midian,” not “a priest of Yhwh,” and that it is not likely that the Hebrews would have followed a foreign name. On the contrary, it would seem from a closer reading of Exodus that Jethro
learned of Yhwh
from Moses. Aside from these idea, there are some other theories proposing the origin of Yhwh and His name from within Levantine culture (such as the Amorites) or even from areas like Ugarit, but it seems that they are all rather unsatisfactory. It would seem rather that Yhwh was an integral part of Israelite culture and belief from its very beginning.