what is supposed to happen is a period first of inquiry or pre-evangelization, of no set time, can be days, weeks, months or in some case years, before someone is ready to commit to the catechumenate. That is the period of formal instruction and preparation. It begins with the rite of acceptance and is supposed to last through one liturgical cycle, from Lent or Easter the first year, to the beginning of Lent the second year, and should be a full calendar year (not a school year). Those meetings might be weekly or biweekly, will include formal catechesis on doctrine, and teaching based on the scripture readings for each Sunday.
This period ends with the Rite of Election at the beginning of Lent which begins the period of Purification and Enlightenment, the intense immediate preparation during Lent (the original purpose of the season, by the way) for baptism and confirmation at Easter. Lent is marked by special blessings and rites as well. After Easter is Mystagogy, which lasts a minimum of the 50 days until Pentecost, but should be a full year, although perhaps not with weekly meetings but less frequently, which is literally “instruction in the mysteries” more reflection and teaching on the sacraments of initiation themselves.
So yes the full process could very well take 3 years, but should be no less than one full year. It takes as long as it takes. My guess is your friend was given the basic info when they made their initial phone call, and after an interview and meeting with the pastor, wherein their individual needs and spiritual state could be assessed, they can get a better idea of what this journey entails and how long it will take. The answer is not going to be the same in every parish, nor for every individual.