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The earliest surviving Church use of the word “Catholic” is in Ignatius’ writing.
catholic.com/library/What_Catholic_Means.asp
catholic.com/library/What_Catholic_Means.asp
"Let no one do anything of concern to the Church without the bishop. Let that be considered a valid Eucharist which is celebrated by the bishop or by one whom he ordains . Wherever the bishop appears, let the people be there; just as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church" (Letter to the Smyrneans 8:2 [A.D. 110]).
Our Church was called simply “Catholic” since at least the beginning of the second century. (110 A.D.)
Peter had the authority to “elect” Matthias as a successor to Judas, using lots, in order to fulfill the prophecy which he knew that he must fulfill as head steward, the keeper of the keys. (Matthew 16:17-19) He had “binding and loosing” powers given to him especially by Jesus Christ.
Jesus “called” Judas an apostle so I think it prudent that we do also.
Matthew 10:2-4 “Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Cananite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed Him.”
Acts 1:24-25 "And they prayed and said, “You, O Lord, who know the hearts of all, show which of these two You have chosen 25 to take part in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place.”
Paul did not fit the original criteria to be an apostle. God can and does make exceptions to His own rules since He is sovereign. Therefore, God appointed Paul as apostle to the Gentiles. (1 Timothy 2:5-7)
Peter said that an “apostle” held an “office.” This is an office of “stewardship.” (Acts 1:15-21, 1 Corinthians 4:1-3) I think we should not argue with him and Paul.