Certain kinds of acts are intrinsically evil. Such acts are always immoral, regardless of intention or circumstance. This is the clear and unequivocal teaching of the Church on morality. It is in the Catechism. It is in Veritatis Splendor.
Now concerning sexual acts, the Church does teach that certain kinds of sexual acts are intrinsically evil and therefore always immoral. This too is indisputable.
But West and others, ignoring that these acts are intrinsically evil, teach that these acts can be done in certain circumstances or for certain purposes. This position clearly contradicts the teaching that intrinsically evil acts are always immoral.
If an act is intrinsically evil by itself, then even if you combine it with another act, it is still immoral, or even it you do it for another purpose, it is still immoral, or even if you do it only partially, and then continue on to a moral act, it is still immoral. An intrinsically evil act, used as foreplay prior to a moral act, does not make the former act moral. Nor can such acts become moral when used for a particular purpose, even if that purpose is moral.
“each and every marital act must of necessity retain its intrinsic relationship to the procreation of human life.” (Humanae Vitae, n. 11).
One cannot perform, or partially perform, an act not intrinsically related to procreation, and then combine it with a moral act in order to justify it. Intrinsically evil acts are always immoral.
West’s teaching is popular, but it is not consonant with the basic moral teachings of the Church. And I’ve never found anything in Pope John Paul II’s writings that would justify West’s position (which he disingenuously attributes to John Paul).
Some quotes from Pope John Paul II in Veritatis Splendor:
The Church has always taught that one may never choose kinds of behaviour prohibited by the moral commandments expressed in negative form in the Old and New Testaments. As we have seen, Jesus himself reaffirms that these prohibitions allow no exceptions: “If you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments… You shall not murder, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not steal, You shall not bear false witness” (Mt 19:17-18).
…it is never lawful, even for the gravest reasons, to do evil that good may come of it (cf. Rom 3:8) — in other words, to intend directly something which of its very nature contradicts the moral order, and which must therefore be judged unworthy of man, even though the intention is to protect or promote the welfare of an individual, of a family or of society in general
- In teaching the existence of intrinsically evil acts, the Church accepts the teaching of Sacred Scripture. The Apostle Paul emphatically states: “Do not be deceived: neither the immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor sexual perverts, nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor robbers will inherit the Kingdom of God” (1 Cor 6:9-10).
If acts are intrinsically evil, a good intention or particular circumstances can diminish their evil, but they cannot remove it. They remain “irremediably” evil acts; per se and in themselves they are not capable of being ordered to God and to the good of the person. “As for acts which are themselves sins (cum iam opera ipsa peccata sunt), Saint Augustine writes, like theft, fornication, blasphemy, who would dare affirm that, by doing them for good motives (causis bonis), they would no longer be sins, or, what is even more absurd, that they would be sins that are justified?”.134
Consequently, circumstances or intentions can never transform an act intrinsically evil by virtue of its object into an act “subjectively” good or defensible as a choice.
- Furthermore, an intention is good when it has as its aim the true good of the person in view of his ultimate end. But acts whose object is “not capable of being ordered” to God and “unworthy of the human person” are always and in every case in conflict with that good. Consequently, respect for norms which prohibit such acts and oblige semper et pro semper, that is, without any exception, not only does not inhibit a good intention, but actually represents its basic expression.