A few points
** 1. One of the basic principles of mainline Protestantism is freedom of interpretation of scripture.** This can mean that in one and the same church different people may view the Eucharist differently. I know Protestants who put a great deal of emphasis on communion and believe that Christ will draw closer to them through communion, that we can feel his presence more decisively through the sacrament… Then there are Protestants who may deliberately miss communion Sundays (often the first Sunday of the month) because they think that communion is too pagan, more pagan than Christian. There is really no established, required view of the Eucharist in many Protestant congregations. As in other areas of doctrine, they decide for themselves, and they often dialogue amiably with one another about their various views in Bible study groups and elsewhere. “What does communion mean to me?” rather than “How does the church interpret communion.” As with much of Protestantism, individualism is emphasized.
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2. It appears that Protestant churches (at least here in this part of the eastern US) are filled with former Catholics**. Those of a more progressive mindset bend toward mainline churches - Methodist, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, UCC, etc. They are often influenced by their own liberal views on theology, but also by certain difficult social issues as homosexuality or such questions as the marriage of priests and the ordination of women. Many have left Catholicism over the question of birth control. Those of a more conservative mindset are more likely to end up in evangelical churches, which are much more aggressive when it comes ti evangelism. Like traditional Catholicism, they’re inclined to embrace a specific set of doctrines, usually the ones advocated by that church or pastor. They also are likely to agree with Catholicism on such issues as homosexuality, ordination of women, and abortion.
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3. As much as mainline denominations do not agree with Catholicism on a variety of doctrinal, liturgical, social and other issues, mainline Protestants are apt to be very ecumenical. They seem to embrace the old adage: "Think and let think!" They have no problem working together with Catholics on such projects as soup kitchens and homeless shelters or joining with them in the January "Week of Prayer for Christian Unity", Evangelical Protestants are less likely to have this ecumenical emphasis, sometimes even non-cooperative with mainline Protestant churches.
** 4. One interesting point. Catholicism and certain forms of Protestantism, especially Pentecostalism, emphasize supernatural acts - that is, miracles in today’s world. **Catholicism, of course, has its Marian apparitions, canonization of saints through whom miracles are said to have been performed, etc. Mainline Protestants are more skeptical of such miracles. Many of them sre not ‘Bible-believers’ in that they would consider many stories, especially in the Old Testament, as false. Would a loving and just God actually drown all those people in the days of Noah, including innocent children? Would God actually order Joshua to murder all of the inhabitants of Jericho or command Saul to slay every remaining Amalekite? What about scriptural passages like Ex. 21:17? Or, Ex. 22, verses 18 or 20? Etc.
** 5. I really don’t think most Catholics who become Protestant do so because they do not understand their Catholic faith**. I think they decide that they disagree with Catholicism too much to remain in the Church. Many Protestants understand Catholicism quite well, better than many Catholics, and still remain Protestant. Different strokes for different strokes. I myself am conflicted on a variety of issues. If one thinks these days, it is difficult to be as dogmatic as the Church asks us to be. I am in favor of a ‘big tent’ church in which greater latitude in doctrine is permitted without being made to feel that we somehow are betraying the Church. Millions of Catholics hold on to their affiliation because of historic, family and cultural ties rather than because of 100% acceptance of the church’s basic teachings. I read in the US Catholic awhile ago that something like 53%of Catholics don’t believe in transubstantiation, a central dogma of the church. That should tell us something.