Heres the definitions i usually go by, which i think are pretty good.
Using them, you can see Catholicism split into three (overgeneralizing, of course) different camps: Traditionalism, Conservative, and Progressive/Liberal.
Traditional Catholics are those that would prefer a return to the Tridentine Rite of Mass and the other Sacraments, and disagree with most of the changes made by Vatican II. Usually, they are more suspicious of ecumenical dialogue, believeing that too often the Catholic Church makes to many concessions to other faiths. They also think the Church should stand opposed to Modernism, and fight it zelously.
Conservative Catholics are those that support most of the changes made by Vatican II, and believe they were necessary for the Church to remain effective and important in the changing modern world. John Paul II is a pretty good example of a Conservative Catholic: he himself didn’t much favor a return to the Tridentine Rite of things, but viewed the traditions as importat and allowed for its (limited) celebration. While he tried to dialoque with other religions and the modern world, he also refused to back down on teachings like birth control and married or female priests. Often, they support Papal/Curial authority over that of local bishops.
Progressive/Liberal Catholics are those that think Vatican II did not go far enough. They usually want to see things like married priests, female priests, the allowal of birth control, and sometimes support abortion rites. Often, they want Bishops to have more authority, and to allow local differences in the way the sacraments are celebrated which accomodate different cultures and traditions. Very often, they think the Church is becoming irrelevant and must do more to fit into the modern world rather than fight it, like more horizontal theology, popular music in mass, and less strict observation of liturgical rubrics.
Beliefnet has an interesting “what type of Catholic are you” quiz which has pretty similar definitions. So give it a try and see where you fall:
beliefnet.com/section/quiz/index.asp?sectionID=&surveyID=95