From “The Dictionary Of The Bible” by John McKenzie
“OT-light is vision and YHWH gives light to the eyes(Ps13:4;Pr.29:13) metaphorically the commandment of YHWH gives vision(Ps 19:9).The light of the eyes is also hope(Ezra 9:8)
In the ANE light is the element proper to deity.This is not often formally the symbolism of light in the OT;it is a feature of a theophany(Ezk43:2),but the term is more frequently used in glory.YHWH is the center creator of light(Gn 1:3-5;Is 45:7); this affirmation is very probably intended to raise Him above the level of dualism of light nad darkness.Light is conceived as stored in a chamber during the night (Jb 38:19).light is more frequently the element of YHWH when it is a symbol of His saving power. The light of YHWH’s countenance is His favor to man(Nm6:25;Pss 4:7,31:17;44:4;67:2;80:4;m89:16;119:135;Dn9:17).Light is deliverance and salvation wrought by YHWH(Is9:1;60:1;Am 5:18.20;Pss 43:3;118:27); this is probably the meaning of the light of YHWH in Is 2:5.The Servant of YHWH is a light to the nations, an agent of salvation(Is 42:6;49:6)YHWH Himself is called the light when He is conceived as savior(Ps 27:1;Is 10:17;60:19;Mi7:8) The effect of deliverance is life, which is to see the light (Jb 33:30;Pss 36:10;56:14), prosperity(Jb22:28;30:26), joy(Ps 97:11; Lam 3:2) .Light is the element of moral good(Is 5:20)
Light is less frequently the symbol of revelation, which is usually conceived as hearing of the Word rather than as a vision. the light to peoples(Is 51:4) is more probably revelation.
NT-light is the element of the deity.Light in Peter’s prison reveals the angel of deliverance(AA 12:7);paul recognizes the presence of God in a blinding light (AA9:3;22:6). The angel of God is an angel of light(2Co 11:14) the luminous cloud at the Transfiguration shows the presence of God(Mt 17:5) as does the light that shines on the shepherds at the birth of Christ (Lk2:9).God dwells in the inaccessible light(1 Tm 6:16.)god is light (1Jn 1:5), and those who obey His commandments walk inthe light(1jn1:7) The light of God is seen in Jesus who is the light of the world(jn 3:19;8:12;9:5;12:35,46.He is the light which enlightens every man (Jn1;9) THROUGH THE LIFE WHICH IS IN Him (Jn1:4), He is the true shining light(iJn 2:8-10) in whom the Christian abides, the light to the revelation of the Gentiles(Lk2:32).Those who are sons of God are called sons of light(Lk16:8;Jn 12:36; 1 Th 5:5; Eph 5:8) Light is identified with the life which Christ communicates(jn1:4;Eph5:14; Col1:12;1 Pt 2:9.) Because the Christian has received the divine light through Christ the Christian himself becomes the light of the world(Mt5:14-16;Eph 5:8) the symbolism of light makes this figure wider than a good example. the Christian through his participation in the light and life of God through Jesus becomes himself a medium of light to those who are in darkness.”
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