Limbo? I don't understand

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Like I said, I took many excerpts from Denzinger, this is such an excerpt.
Nope. So, you wrote this down word for word from Denzinger after you read it. And that’s where you got the quote today that you gave me - from what you wrote down from Denzinger. Yes or no. Because if you didn’t write it down, then I need to know where this excerpt came from.
 
When Jesus said “Do no hinder the little children to come unto me”–those children were both under original sin AND unbaptized.

Was Jesus wrong for saying such?

Don’t Christ’s own words have more authority than Denzinger’s?

Jesus didn’t want them separated by know it alls then–why should He ever want them separated from Him?
 
When Jesus said “Do no hinder the little children to come unto me”–those children were both under original sin AND unbaptized.

Was Jesus wrong for saying such?

Don’t Christ’s own words have more authority than Denzinger’s?

Jesus didn’t want them separated by know it alls then–why should He ever want them separated from Him?
Do you know what Denzinger Is?
It is a collection of Catholic Dogma, so, what is recorded therein is the dogmas of the Catholic Church.

I have made my case, either one will consider what was provided for consideration or reject it, it is of no consequence to myself.

Still, those sources have not been provided, the ones proving your point from before Florence, papal sources.
 
Do you know what Denzinger Is?
It is a collection of Catholic Dogma, so, what is recorded therein is the dogmas of the Catholic Church.
The problem is that you haven’t quoted from Denzinger. You claimed one of your quotes came from Lyons II. Then you claimed it came from Denzinger. Then you admitted you didn’t own Denzinger and that it isn’t in your possession. Then you refused all further discussion about precisely where you pulled it from. Why don’t you just cite to the source that you were looking at when you included it in your post?
I have made my case, either one will consider what was provided for consideration or reject it, it is of no consequence to myself.
It’s rejected - at least by me. It wasn’t a very good case to begin with, but then when you refuse to provide your sources, it becomes downright lousy.
Still, those sources have not been provided, the ones proving your point from before Florence, papal sources.
You won’t provide your sources. Why should I or anyone else be required to?

I was very puzzled by this quote of yours and where it comes from:
Pope Gregory X, Council of Lyons II, 1274: “We define also that… the souls of those who depart this life in actual mortal sin, or in original sin alone, go straightaway to hell, but to undergo punishments of different kinds.”
I could find nothing in Lyons II that came close to this quote. You say it’s Denzinger, but only the quoted part would be. Which led me to question, where did the part about Pope Gregory X and Lyons II come from? So finally I decided to do a google search on the entire quote exactly as you typed it. I got two results, both from the same website.

mostholyfamilymonastery.com/BenedictXVI_new_limbo_heresy.html

Wow. Even the location of the ellipses is the same. It is a portion of an article written by By Bro. Peter Dimond, O.S.B. entitled “The staggering implications of Benedict XVI’s new blatant heresy on Limbo.” It cites mostly from excerpts of Dimonds book, “Outside the Catholic Church There is Absolutely No Salvation.” I especially like this last sentence:
There is no doubt that Benedict XVI is a manifest heretic who also engages in this kind of satanic mockery of Christ and His Church. This is a spiritual war: Catholics must take sides.
So tell me Carlus Magnus, is this where you’re getting your quotes? I’m in the process of comparing some of the others you’ve provided.
 
Here you are, I read Denzinger, I took exerpts from it for another project.
I still have those exerpts. I quoted that excerpt, from Denzinger. The very context fits my point, on Limbo, as stated, the source is Denzinger, so, not that you have the source, since you don’t give any credibility to it, look it up.

Wow, these guys have some interesting stuff [thanks for the link], but I’m not so sure about them yet. I thought I was the only one saying this stuff:D.
 
There is no doubt that Benedict XVI is a manifest heretic who also engages in this kind of satanic mockery of Christ and His Church. This is a spiritual war: Catholics must take sides.
Oh td, this is horrible. 😦 I suppose we have to tell the moderator. No wonder Carlus didn’t post the link to his source. Posting links to anti-Catholic websites I believe is against the forum rules.
 
Here you are, I read Denzinger, I took exerpts from it for another project.
I still have those exerpts. I quoted that excerpt, from Denzinger. The very context fits my point, on Limbo, as stated, the source is Denzinger, so, not that you have the source, since you don’t give any credibility to it, look it up.

Wow, these guys have some interesting stuff [thanks for the link], but I’m not so sure about them yet. I thought I was the only one saying this stuff:D.
Yes, quite interesting calling our Pope a manifest heretic. Quite interesting that I can’t find the quote in the documents of Lyons II. Here are some other quite interesting points.

Here is the order in which the quotes are presented in the sedevacantist link:

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, Session 11, Feb. 4, 1442:
Pope Martin V, Council of Constance, Session 15, July 6, 1415
Pope St. Zosimus, The Council of Carthage, Canon on Sin and Grace, 417 A.D.-
Pope Paul III, The Council of Trent, On Original Sin, Session V
Pope Gregory X, Council of Lyons II, 1274
Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, “Letentur coeli,” Sess. 6, July 6, 1439
Pope Pius VI, Auctorem fidei, Aug. 28, 1794:
Pope Pius XI, Mit brennender Sorge (# 25), March 14, 1937:
Pope Paul III, The Council of Trent, On Original Sin, Session V
Pope St. Innocent, 414 A.D.

And here is the order in which you posted them here forums.catholic-questions.org/showpost.php?p=2231183&postcount=9

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, Session 11, Feb. 4, 1442
Pope St. Zosimus, The Council of Carthage, Canon on Sin and Grace, 417 A.D.-
Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, “Letentur coeli,” Sess. 6, July 6, 1439
Pope Pius VI, Auctorem fidei, Aug. 28, 1794
Pope Pius XI, Mit brennender Sorge (# 25), March 14, 1937:
Pope Paul III, The Council of Trent, On Original Sin, Session V
Pope St. Innocent, 414 A.D

But here’s the really interesting part - The very last quote on both your list and the website are not from Denzinger at all. They are from Jurgens, The Faith of the Early Fathers, Vol. 3: 2016. Do you own Faith of the Early Fathers? Strange that it would be the last thing on your list and the site.

Stranger yet, the website doesn’t cite to Denzinger on this one: Pope Pius XI, Mit brennender Sorge (# 25), March 14, 1937. But you have it on your list; in the same relative position with the other quotes on the website.

Wow. That is amazing. And you’ve never laid eyes on Dimond’s book before. I think we can all see what’s going on here.
 
Yes, quite interesting calling our Pope a manifest heretic. Quite interesting that I can’t find the quote in the documents of Lyons II. Here are some other quite interesting points.

Wow. That is amazing. And you’ve never laid eyes on Dimond’s book before. I think we can all see what’s going on here.
First of all I never said any such thing.
Second, Are you calling me a sedevacantist:eek:?
Third, this seems to be your tactic to get off topic, which is about Limbo, which I answered, and you never responded to, but got off on some kick about a measly quote, which, even without, my position still stands.
Now you go hunt up some sedevacantist website and then accuse me using their material. If I subscribed to their positions, I would not be here now would I, this is for Catholics who believe in the Pope.
I think you are trying to discredit me, by using these guys’ material as an excuse.
 
First of all I never said any such thing.
Second, Are you calling me a sedevacantist:eek:?
Third, this seems to be your tactic to get off topic, which is about Limbo, which I answered, and you never responded to, but got off on some kick about a measly quote, which, even without, my position still stands.
Now you go hunt up some sedevacantist website and then accuse me using their material. If I subscribed to their positions, I would not be here now would I, this is for Catholics who believe in the Pope.
I think you are trying to discredit me, by using these guys’ material as an excuse.
actually he made his case suprisingly well you have not made yours at all wihout the quote sources. Conviently you claim you dont own the source and we can’t look up the source, at least not conviently. We seem to have someone here who has found astonishing similar, i’m sorry that is not accurate, exactly the same quotes on another site. So if you are not a sedevacantist then you arrived at the exact same conculsion as the sedevacantist’s by a different road. I would have to say that sideing with people whos only defence if to call the pope a hertic is not a real good way to strengthen your argument.
 
First of all I never said any such thing. Second, Are you calling me a sedevacantist:eek:?
Never said what? All I ever claimed you said was “Wow, these guys have some interesting stuff [thanks for the link] . . . .” I’m not claiming that you believe or proclaim that the Holy Father is a heretic or that you are a sedevacantist. What I am claiming is that you have not disclosed the original source for the material you have provided, whether knowingly or unknowingly.
Third, this seems to be your tactic to get off topic, which is about Limbo, which I answered, and you never responded to, but got off on some kick about a measly quote, which, even without, my position still stands.
It is on topic. Here’s why. It is always legitimate to ask for the source of quoted material, regardless of the topic of the thread. The reason we disclose our sources is to allow others to review them for accuracy. This is especially true when a source purports to quote another source, and when the liberal use of ellipses is employed to cut out portions of the original text. Or when quotes can’t be confirmed after a review of the original text. How can any reasonable discussion of the topic (whether it be limbo or any other topic) proceed when the sources are in dispute?

And we aren’t talking about one measly quote. Let’s get real here. These are a series of quotes that match up in the same order (although not every quote in between is provided) as those on the website, that are excerpts from Dimond’s book, that are not all quotes from Denzinger, some of which are edited in the same manner as on the website. Especially the last quote that comes from Jurgens. Here it is on the website:
Pope St. Innocent, 414 A.D.: “But that which Your Fraternity asserts the Pelagians preach, that even without the grace of Baptism infants are able to be endowed with the rewards of eternal life, is quite idiotic… But those who defend this for them without rebirth seem to me to want to quash Baptism itself, when they preach that infants already have what is believed to be conferred on them only through Baptism.” (Jurgens, The Faith of the Early Fathers, Vol. 3: 2016.)
Here it is in your post #77:
Pope St. Innocent, 414 A.D.: “But that which Your Fraternity asserts the Pelagians preach, that even without the grace of Baptism infants are able to be endowed with the rewards of eternal life, is quite idiotic… But those who defend this for them without rebirth seem to me to want to quash Baptism itself, when they preach that infants already have what is believed to be conferred on them only through Baptism.”
The emphasis is all the same (except you do not include the final comma in your bold emphasis) and the ellipses are in the same spot. Very strange, because you see, I own Jurgens The Faith of the Early Fathers, and here’s how it reads at 2016:
But that which Your Fraternity asserts the Pelagians preach, that even without the grace of Baptism infants are able to be endowed with the rewards of eternal life, is quite idiotic (9). For unless they shall have eaten the Flesh of the Son of Man and shall have drunk His Blood, they shall not have life in them (10). But those who defend this for them without rebirth seem to me to want to quash (11) Baptism itself, when they preach that infants already have what is believed to be conferred on them only through Baptism.
Very misleading of Dimond to not give the full quote here, and he conveniently neglects to mention that this was a plenary council only that was dealing with the Pelagian heresy at a regional level.
Now you go hunt up some sedevacantist website and then accuse me using their material. If I subscribed to their positions, I would not be here now would I, this is for Catholics who believe in the Pope.
I believe you when you say you don’t subscribe to their position. If you say you didn’t know much of the stuff you’ve quoted comes from Dimond’s materials, that’s fine. Frankly I don’t know where you obtained it because you haven’t been willing to tell me. I’ll I’m telling you is that’s where it appears much of what you’ve been been quoting came from. I mean - come on - look at the Jurgen’s quote.
I think you are trying to discredit me, by using these guys’ material as an excuse.
You discredited yourself the moment you gave a quote without citing the source where it actually came from. If you got it from Denzinger, cite to Denzinger. If it’s from Jurgens, cite to Jurgens. If it’s from somebody else’s material, say so.
 
Would you then show me a concilliar definition from before the Council of Florence?
No, but how about from Trent. This quote is of particular relevance since it refers indirectly to the errors of the Dimonds:
Session 6, Chapter 4, of the Council of Trent states:
In these words a description of the justification of a sinner is given as being a translation from that state in which man is born a child of the first Adam to the state of grace and of the ‘adoption of the sons’ of God through the second Adam, Jesus Christ, our Savior; and this translation after the promulgation of the Gospel cannot be erected except through the laver of regeneration, or a desire for it, as it is written: ‘Unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.’
The Council of Trent itself explained to us what it meant by the word “desire,” since it employed the same word in Chapter 14. In this case, “desire” refers to the desire to make a confession without actually being able to go to a priest in the confessional:
Hence it must be taught that the repentance of a Christian after his fall is very different from that at his baptism, and that it includes not only a cessation from sins, and a detestation of them, or ‘a contrite and humble heart,’ but also the sacramental confession of the same, at least in desire and to be made in its season, and sacerdotal absolution, as well as satisfaction by fasting, almsgiving, prayers, and other devout exercises of the spiritual life, not indeed for the eternal punishment, which is remitted together with the guilt either by the sacrament or the desire of the sacrament, but for the temporal punishment…
catholicintl.com/catholicissues/gerry.htm. From Sungenis’ website, and he has added the emphasis. I can give you numerous early Fathers that support the same.

You are simply mistaken that the Church teaches that the grace of baptism cannot be conferred outside of the formal sacrament.
 
No, but how about from Trent. This quote is of particular relevance since it refers indirectly to the errors of the Dimonds:

catholicintl.com/catholicissues/gerry.htm. From Sungenis’ website, and he has added the emphasis. I can give you numerous early Fathers that support the same.

You are simply mistaken that the Church teaches that the grace of baptism cannot be conferred outside of the formal sacrament.
But would you not say, td, that the desire for baptism must necessarily be an act of mental assent, which is understandibly absent from a young child, as they do not have the faculty to manifest this desire. And I cannot accept that such desire can be attributed by proxy, as in the case of sacramental baptism, because the sacrament is ex opere operato, whereas the baptism of blood or desire must be ex opere operantis, given of an assent of will.
 
But would you not say, td, that the desire for baptism must necessarily be an act of mental assent, which is understandibly absent from a young child, as they do not have the faculty to manifest this desire.
I agree. I fail to see how baptism of desire in the strict sense is possible for infants. Vicarious baptism of desire may be a possibility in one form or another, but there are some papal pronouncements that seem to me to seriously limit the availability of this option, if not outright foreclose it.
And I cannot accept that such desire can be attributed by proxy, as in the case of sacramental baptism, because the sacrament is ex opere operato, whereas the baptism of blood or desire must be ex opere operantis, given of an assent of will.
I disagree for a couple of reasons. First, the Church has traditionally held that the martyrdom of infants does effect the baptism of blood:
The Church grounds her belief in the efficacy of the baptism of blood on the fact that Christ makes a general statement of the saving power of martyrdom in the tenth chapter of St. Matthew: “Every one therefore that shall confess me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven” (verse 32); and: “He that shall lose his life for me shall find it” (verse 39). It is pointed out that these texts are so broadly worded as to include even infants, especially the latter text. That the former text also applies to them, has been constantly maintained by the Fathers, who declare that if infants can not confess Christ with the mouth, they can by act. Tertullian (Adv. Valent., ii) speaks of the infants slaughtered by Herod as martyrs, and this has been the constant teaching of the Church.
newadvent.org/cathen/02258b.htm#X

Ludwig Ott affirms this in his Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma at pp. 356-357 (sent. fidei prox.)

Second, the function of the opus operantis in the particular sacrament of baptism is somewhat obscure. As you have already pointed out sacramental baptism is in the case of infants ex opere operato. This is also true with respect to baptism of blood for infants. Assent of the will is not required.
 
I agree. I fail to see how baptism of desire in the strict sense is possible for infants. Vicarious baptism of desire may be a possibility in one form or another, but there are some papal pronouncements that seem to me to seriously limit the availability of this option, if not outright foreclose it.

I disagree for a couple of reasons. First, the Church has traditionally held that the martyrdom of infants does effect the baptism of blood:

newadvent.org/cathen/02258b.htm#X

Ludwig Ott affirms this in his Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma at pp. 356-357 (sent. fidei prox.)

Second, the function of the opus operantis in the particular sacrament of baptism is somewhat obscure. As you have already pointed out sacramental baptism is in the case of infants ex opere operato. This is also true with respect to baptism of blood for infants. Assent of the will is not required.
Certainly this may be the case of aborted fetuses or children that are murdered as an attack against the faith, but what of those individuals that die of disease, congenital defect or simply a tumble down the stairs. No martydom is taking place.
 
Certainly this may be the case of aborted fetuses or children that are murdered as an attack against the faith, but what of those individuals that die of disease, congenital defect or simply a tumble down the stairs. No martydom is taking place.
Right. But the point the non-limbo people make is that it is possible for God to remove original sin prior to death without sacramental baptism and without intent of the recipient. There is no contradiction between revealed truth and the theory that God could remove the original sin of infants absent martyrdom. Add to that the fact that limbo of the children is not and never has been a dogma of the Church, and you’ve got to admit that the non-limbo folks have a case.
 
Right. But the point the non-limbo people make is that it is possible for God to remove original sin prior to death without sacramental baptism and without intent of the recipient. There is no contradiction between revealed truth and the theory that God could remove the original sin of infants absent martyrdom. Add to that the fact that limbo of the children is not and never has been a dogma of the Church, and you’ve got to admit that the non-limbo folks have a case.
On the surface one might agree, but I think you’re arguing corollaries here. Those that make the case for limbo take from the Council of Trent the dogma that no person bearing original sin may obtain beatific vision. This is a positive certainty. An attempt to argue that because we don’t know if God does remove original sin extra sacramentum somehow negates the dogma of Trent is specious at best and sentimentality at worst. We can hope for extraordinary redemption of children, as I do personally, but this must be tempered with knowledge of what the faith says, not what it doesn’t say.
 
On the surface one might agree, but I think you’re arguing corollaries here.
I’m not sure I’m getting you here. To what corollaries are you referring?
Those that make the case for limbo take from the Council of Trent the dogma that no person bearing original sin may obtain beatific vision. This is a positive certainty.
Agreed. I would go further and say that it is a certainty that anyone who dies in original sin goes directly to hell.
An attempt to argue that because we don’t know if God does remove original sin extra sacramentum somehow negates the dogma of Trent is specious at best and sentimentality at worst.
You are right. It would be a foolish argument to make, especially since it is totally unnecessary for the non-limbo position. It is not a contradiction to hold that all who die in original sin go straight to hell and that God can at the moment before death grant the saving grace of baptism outside of the sacrament. It is possible then that God grants saving grace to all infants immediately prior to death.
We can hope for extraordinary redemption of children, as I do personally, but this must be tempered with knowledge of what the faith says, not what it doesn’t say.
And this is the major stumbling block for the non-limbo position. Just because something is logically possible (does not involve a contradiction with revealed truth) does not mean it is actually the case. The question is not whether God could save all infants outside of the sacramental scheme, it’s whether he in fact does and whether this is supported by the sources of revelation we have available to us - Scripture and Tradition. Obviously many of the early Fathers and theologians didn’t see this as likely or else we wouldn’t have the notion of limbo of the children. That is why I am hesitant to discard it. At this time I don’t see any alternative that is more likely.

I have a question for you. Don’t you think that we are at a point in history where the Church is looking to develop the possibilities that may be open to infants in terms of salvation without sacramental baptism?
 
I’m not sure I’m getting you here. To what corollaries are you referring?
The promotion of extraordinary redemption without support from divine revelation or patristic writing.
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tdgesq:
Agreed. I would go further and say that it is a certainty that anyone who dies in original sin goes directly to hell.
Agreed.
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tdgesq:
You are right. It would be a foolish argument to make, especially since it is totally unnecessary for the non-limbo position. It is not a contradiction to hold that all who die in original sin go straight to hell and that God can at the moment before death grant the saving grace of baptism outside of the sacrament. It is possible then that God grants saving grace to all infants immediately prior to death.
On the contrary, it necessarily would be at the center of the conflict, because extraordinary redemption of infants would at the very least render that particular canon of Trent to be a conditional dogma, which is a dangerous notion. Canons are always worded thus: condition renders effect. To say that Trent promulgated “condition renders effect except in the case of…”, then to many it ceases to represent a firm dogmatic point.
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tdgesq:
And this is the major stumbling block for the non-limbo position. Just because something is logically possible (does not involve a contradiction with revealed truth) does not mean it is actually the case. The question is not whether God could save all infants outside of the sacramental scheme, it’s whether he in fact does and whether this is supported by the sources of revelation we have available to us - Scripture and Tradition. Obviously many of the early Fathers and theologians didn’t see this as likely or else we wouldn’t have the notion of limbo of the children. That is why I am hesitant to discard it. At this time I don’t see any alternative that is more likely.
The obvious answer is that God can act outside His Sacraments. But we must also address that extraordinary redemption, at least in my own opinion, represents the introduction of an improper divergence in the character of the Almighty. It stresses His Divine Mercy to the detriment of His Divine Justice. The Augustinian position of paena damni (with even the possibility of paena sensus), takes the polar position, stressing Divine Justice. The just medium between the two is of course the sacramental system instituted by Christ as that perfect mixture, being available freely to all. Is it possible that the unbaptised infants are damned? I consider it even probabe theologically (though I hope I am wrong), but I do not question its Divine Justice. They bear the sin that all born of Adam share, and they too share in its penalty, both in life and, if left unclean, in death.
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tdgesq:
I have a question for you. Don’t you think that we are at a point in history where the Church is looking to develop the possibilities that may be open to infants in terms of salvation without sacramental baptism?
I think that if there were significant questions in the minds of the pillars of the Church regarding the soteriology of the young and infantile, it would’ve been addressed already. Given that conditions in the past have been far more contributory to infant mortality, if there was something to be defined regarding extraordinary redemption of children it would’ve already happened.
 
**Does the Catholic Church still believe in limbo, a place for unbaptized babies to go if they die without baptism?**The Catholic Church never “believed” in limbo. The existence of limbo for unbaptized infants is not part of divine revelation, but rather was and is an educated theological “guess.” The term was coined by St. Augustine of Hippo and literally means “fringe.” This came about because God has not chosen to reveal what happens to deceased unbaptized infants. We know that baptism is absolutely necessary for salvation (John 3:5) because God revealed this. We also know that something called “baptism of desire” is possible. Since unbaptized infants seem incapable of any “desire” or act of their will, theologians have speculated throughout the ages about their destiny in this context St. Augustine thought that it would be an offense against God’s justice to suppose He would allow such creatures to suffer any pain, but that rather God places such infants in a state of “natural,” but not supernatural happiness for eternity. This he called “limbo.” Other theologians say that God’s “universal salvific will” (1 Timothy 2:4) includes unbaptized people who do not have the use of reason when they die and that they enjoy supernatural happiness by some means we do not now know. Catholics are free to believe or disbelieve in limbo. What happens to unbaptized people who do not have the use of reason and who die in that state is an open question. Read the Catechism of the Catholic Church, number 1261.
dioceseoflincoln.org/purple/limbo/index.htm
 
ITC-LIMBO Apr-20-2007 (1,240 words) xxxi

Vatican commission: Limbo reflects 'restrictive view of salvation’

By John Thavis
Catholic News Service

VATICAN CITY (CNS) – After several years of study, the Vatican’s International Theological Commission said there are good reasons to hope that babies who die without being baptized go to heaven.

In a document published April 20, the commission said the traditional concept of limbo – as a place where unbaptized infants spend eternity but without communion with God – seemed to reflect an “unduly restrictive view of salvation.”

The church continues to teach that, because of original sin, baptism is the ordinary way of salvation for all people and urges parents to baptize infants, the document said.

But there is greater theological awareness today that God is merciful and “wants all human beings to be saved,” it said. Grace has priority over sin, and the exclusion of innocent babies from heaven does not seem to reflect Christ’s special love for “the little ones,” it said.

“Our conclusion is that the many factors that we have considered … give serious theological and liturgical grounds for hope that unbaptized infants who die will be saved and enjoy the beatific vision,” the document said.

“We emphasize that these are reasons for prayerful hope, rather than grounds for sure knowledge,” it added.

The 41-page document, titled “The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized,” was published in Origins, the documentary service of Catholic News Service. Pope Benedict XVI authorized its publication earlier this year.

The 30-member International Theological Commission acts as an advisory panel to the Vatican, in particular to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Its documents are not considered expressions of authoritative church teaching, but they sometimes set the stage for official Vatican pronouncements.

The commission’s document said salvation for unbaptized babies who die was becoming an urgent pastoral question, in part because their number is greatly increasing. Many infants today are born to parents who are not practicing Catholics, and many others are the unborn victims of abortion, it said.

Limbo has never been defined as church dogma and is not mentioned in the current Catechism of the Catholic Church, which states simply that unbaptized infants are entrusted to God’s mercy.

But limbo has long been regarded as the common teaching of the church. In the modern age, “people find it increasingly difficult to accept that God is just and merciful if he excludes infants, who have no personal sins, from eternal happiness,” the new document said.

Parents in particular can experience grief and feelings of guilt when they doubt their unbaptized children are with God, it said.

The church’s hope for these infants’ salvation reflects a growing awareness of God’s mercy, the commission said. But the issue is not simple, because appreciation for divine mercy must be reconciled with fundamental church teachings about original sin and about the necessity of baptism for salvation, it said.

The document traced the development of church thinking about the fate of unbaptized children, noting that there is “no explicit answer” from Scripture or tradition.

In the fifth century, St. Augustine concluded that infants who die without baptism were consigned to hell. By the 13th century, theologians referred to the “limbo of infants” as a place where unbaptized babies were deprived of the vision of God, but did not suffer because they did not know what they were deprived of.

Through the centuries, popes and church councils were careful not to define limbo as a doctrine of the faith and to leave the question open. That was important in allowing an evolution of the teaching, the theological commission said.

A key question taken up by the document was the church’s teaching that baptism is necessary for salvation. That teaching needs interpretation, in view of the fact that “infants … do not place any personal obstacle in the way of redemptive grace,” it said.

In this and other situations, the need for the sacrament of baptism is not absolute and is secondary to God’s desire for the salvation of every person, it said.

“God can therefore give the grace of baptism without the sacrament being conferred, and this fact should particularly be recalled when the conferring of baptism would be impossible,” it said.

The rest of the article can be found here…

catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0702216.htm
 
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