A good place to start is to accept the entire Bible as true, the inspired Word of God, and worry less about what is literal, what is poetic, what is personal perspective.
What truth does each passage say? It doesn’t really matter how the Bible says it, as long as you learn that truth. When Jesus told the parables, was there literally a householder who went out and hired laborers for his vineyard throughout the day and then paid them all the same? Does it really matter? Does it even matter if Jesus literally told that story exactly as it was later written down by Matthew? The truth is that God is fair, and gives us what He promises us, but He is also generous and we should not be jealous.
Many of the truths of the Bible are told repeatedly, in different ways. When you read the Gospels you will find some of the same events told from the different perspectives of those who wrote them, and some of the details the writers found most important or significant change between the tellings. Since you mentioned it, the story of Genesis is basically told twice, back-to-back, in very different ways, yet both are true. You may decide that some ways the truths are told are more literal or less literal in their tellings, but you shouldn’t stress about it. Focus instead on the truths being told.
It may be of scholarly interest to know which stories from the Old and New Testaments are independently confirmed by historical documents or anthropological research or whatever else, but that’s really a whole different kind of study. Some stories may defy literal belief if you think of them logically or try to apply some kind of science to them, but you will still find truth in them. Other stories may describe supernatural events with many witnesses that you may conclude must have literally occurred to explain the reactions of others written about, and the urgency in the telling of the story to future generations and the formation of the faith. Some parts of the Bible, like the genealogies and accounts of military campaigns, may be very difficult for you to derive any higher moral or doctrinal truth from, but they are still of historical importance in putting more important events into context and help understand the meaning the Jews placed in other passages, as well as the understanding of prophesies fulfilled.
While I would not say that you can read the entire Bible and take none of literally, I think as long as you are accepting the truths throughout and profess the Apostles Creed and Nicene Creed faithfully, you’re pretty much going to be set. Those truths throughout the Bible, both literal and figurative, of course are authoritatively interpreted by the Catholic Church, although many (perhaps most) are readily apparent in the Scripture to anyone who can read and think. Some are more challenging without outside knowledge, the Bible has a lot of unusual language at times, but that is when we turn to tradition.
