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Very good post. It’s not only non-Catholics, but also many Catholics, who don’t understand the philosophical meaning of “substance” (and thus “transubstantiation”) which is the meaning of substance when speaking of the Eucharist.Benjamin1973 doesn’t understand what transubstantiation means. It is the whole substance of the bread that changes into the substance of the whole body of Christ and the whole substance of the wine that changes into the substance of the blood of Christ. The appearances or accidents of the bread and wine remain. Substance in itself before affected by the accidents of a thing is not something that can be observed, measured, or quantified. We only know it by the intellect. A substance such as bread or wine is visible, sensible, and quantifiable due to accidental forms which inhere in the substance. But, the substances of the bread and wine in transubstantiation are changed or converted into the substances of Christ’s body and blood but not the accidents of the bread and wine which remain by divine power.
Christ’s literal flesh, his DNA, his bones, heart, muscles, indeed his entire body is substantially present under the appearances or accidents of the bread just as the substance of the bread was before transubstantiation. But, the accidents of the bread and wine that remain after the consecration do not inhere in the substance of Christ’s body or blood. They are accidents of bread and wine not of Christ’s body and blood. Since the entire body of Christ is substantially present under the appearances of the bread, so are his accidents comcomitantly but after the manner of substance which in itself is invisible and unquantifiable or measurable or sensible. It is a matter of believing in Jesus’ word that he is substantially present and that the bread and wine are transubstantiated into his body and blood. And this faith in Jesus’ word is very pleasing to him and meritorious.