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Can it be sinful? Yes (disordered in various ways depending on various factors. Can be contrary to modesty, or even chastity, dignity of the person etc (note I have not read all the posts here…I am referring in a general way to the q in the title)So, in and of itself, it’s not sin.
(note too one must distinguish as to what is being done…there is a difference certainly between looking lustfully…and happening to notice an attractive person in a modest and chaste etc way etc…and of course there can be a sort of “automatic” draw at times of the eyes of men that happens…but we need to practice too a custody of the eyes)
And yes even in the case of a putting oneself into a “near occasion” of sin…such too can be sinful …(larger topic…but I note this).
Catechism:2521 Purity requires modesty, an integral part of temperance. Modesty protects the intimate center of the person. It means refusing to unveil what should remain hidden. It is ordered to chastity to whose sensitivity it bears witness. It guides how one looks at others and behaves toward them in conformity with the dignity of persons and their solidarity.
2522 Modesty protects the mystery of persons and their love. It encourages patience and moderation in loving relationships; it requires that the conditions for the definitive giving and commitment of man and woman to one another be fulfilled. Modesty is decency. It inspires one’s choice of clothing. It keeps silence or reserve where there is evident risk of unhealthy curiosity. It is discreet.
2523 There is a modesty of the feelings as well as of the body. It protests, for example, against the voyeuristic explorations of the human body in certain advertisements, or against the solicitations of certain media that go too far in the exhibition of intimate things. Modesty inspires a way of life which makes it possible to resist the allurements of fashion and the pressures of prevailing ideologies.
2524 The forms taken by modesty vary from one culture to another. Everywhere, however, modesty exists as an intuition of the spiritual dignity proper to man. It is born with the awakening consciousness of being a subject. Teaching modesty to children and adolescents means awakening in them respect for the human person.
As to looking at paintings …well one must know oneself and make a judgment (for some it can be problematic others not…again it also depends on the painting).
And there is a difference between looking a live person and a painting.
What is needed?
Prudence, modesty, temperance in general, of course chastity…
and a reasonable:
Custodia Occulorum (custody of the eyes)