Lutheran critique of Eastern Orthodoxy and Authority

  • Thread starter Thread starter TriuneUnity
  • Start date Start date
Status
Not open for further replies.
It isn’t confusing to me at all and I think the Church is very clear.
I didn’t mean the Church was confusing. I meant how I worded it could be confusing lol.
The Bible isteslt attests to the fact that “not everything” was written down. You are required to believe this because you must depend on the Bible as your only source. You have no other. I would argue that none of the doctrines listed above contradicts scripture. Each one of these could be a thread in itself, however, and once again we are in a position of defending an accusation with a few lines which cannot help but be inadequate. If you have any suggerstions I will be happy to defend my statement but we would have to take each doctrine alone. It would take pages and would derail this thread.
The Bible attests that not everything was written down. I believe you’re thinking of this from the Gospel of John. This is irrelevant, however. Unless the Catholic Church claims to have the words of Jesus that John didn’t write down, I’m not sure what the point is. John informs us that what is written down is so that we may have life in His name. What else is needed? What does the Roman/Eastern Tradition tell me in order to be reconciled to God and to live a Christian life that Scripture does not?
I have to say of all of the above I am surprised that you bring up the Mass, since the liturgy is one thing that Luther did hold onto. Read the last part of Revelation if you want to see the Mass in Scripture.
I don’t mean the liturgy. We retain the Western liturgy. I mean the doctrines of the Mass, such as paying off purgatorial debt for the living and the dead, etc.
 
The Bible attests that not everything was written down. I believe you’re thinking of this from the Gospel of John. This is irrelevant, however. Unless the Catholic Church claims to have the words of Jesus that John didn’t write down, I’m not sure what the point is. John informs us that what is written down is so that we may have life in His name. What else is needed? What does the Roman/Eastern Tradition tell me in order to be reconciled to God and to live a Christian life that Scripture does not?
As has already been stated, the Church has received the revelation of Jesus Christ in two forms, one the writing down of the witness of the apostles and the other, the oral and living Tradition passed down from the apostles to their successors. The truth of the Gospel is embedded in the fabric of the Church’s life from the writings of the Popes and bishops, to the sacred liturgies, to the sacraments. It is not two truths, but one and the same.
I don’t mean the liturgy. We retain the Western liturgy. I mean the doctrines of the Mass, such as paying off purgatorial debt for the living and the dead, etc.
The Mass is made up of the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The Liturgy of the Eucharist makes present and allows us to enter into the one sacrifice of Jesus. Is His sacrifice not sufficient to wipe out any and all debt? I’m not quite sure what you are saying here. The doctrine of purgatory is not the doctrine of the Mass. We can debate the doctrine of purgatory another time if you wish. The Lutheran Church may claim to have “retained” the Western liturgy, but what did it retain? Rituals? Rubrics? We believe that the Mass is efficacious, that Christ gives His very life to us as if we were standing under the cross 2,000 years ago. I find it amazing that one would “retain” something from the original and then criticize the one from which they obtained it as to the correct understanding of that which was retained. This would be like me beginning a tradition of celebrating the Seder meal, relying on my own understanding of the ritual, and then telling my Jewish friends that they don’t understand its meaning.
 
As has already been stated, the Church has received the revelation of Jesus Christ in two forms, one the writing down of the witness of the apostles and the other, the oral and living Tradition passed down from the apostles to their successors. The truth of the Gospel is embedded in the fabric of the Church’s life from the writings of the Popes and bishops, to the sacred liturgies, to the sacraments. It is not two truths, but one and the same.
That is predicated on the assumption that both Scripture and tradition contain the same doctrines. This is not what the Roman concept of Sacred Tradition entails. It entails that Tradition contains revelation that Scripture does not contain.
The Mass is made up of the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The Liturgy of the Eucharist makes present and allows us to enter into the one sacrifice of Jesus. Is His sacrifice not sufficient to wipe out any and all debt? I’m not quite sure what you are saying here. We can debate the doctrine of purgatory another time if you wish. The Lutheran Church may claim to have “retained” the Western liturgy, but what did it retain? Rituals? Rubrics? We believe that the Mass is efficacious, that Christ gives His very life to us as if we were standing under the cross 2,000 years ago. I find it amazing that one would “retain” something from the original and then criticize the one from which they obtained it as to the correct understanding of that which was retained. This would be like me beginning a tradition of celebrating the Seder meal and then telling my Jewish friends that they don’t understand its meaning.
I brought up the rituals and rubrics to clarify that this is not what we disagree with about the Mass, because you had earlier asked why we object to the form of the Mass. We wouldn’t argue that the benefits of Christ’s atonement are not present and given to us in the eucharistic feast. Indeed, the Lord’s Supper is one of the means by which we receive the grace and forgiveness of God. What we object to is the abuse of this that was brought in by medieval theology. Most especially private masses, masses for the dead to remit the punishment of purgatory, the buying and selling of masses, the mass as human work which profits the mercy of God by what the priest/people do, etc.
 
That is predicated on the assumption that both Scripture and tradition contain the same doctrines. This is not what the Roman concept of Sacred Tradition entails. It entails that Tradition contains revelation that Scripture does not contain.

I brought up the rituals and rubrics to clarify that this is not what we disagree with about the Mass, because you had earlier asked why we object to the form of the Mass. We wouldn’t argue that the benefits of Christ’s atonement are not present and given to us in the eucharistic feast. Indeed, the Lord’s Supper is one of the means by which we receive the grace and forgiveness of God. What we object to is the abuse of this that was brought in by medieval theology. Most especially private masses, masses for the dead to remit the punishment of purgatory, the buying and selling of masses, the mass as human work which profits the mercy of God by what the priest/people do, etc.
The abuses that took place in the middle ages were medieval abuses, not medieval theology. There is no such thing as the buying and selling of Masses. Providing a stipend to the priest (usually $20.00 or so) is completely voluntary and is not required in order for a Mass to be said for a particular intention. I think your confusion has its origin in the Catholic doctrine of the “communion of saints”. Yes, we believe that our prayers are efficacious when praying for the dead (those in purgatory). We also believe that the Mass is the most powerful prayer available, so it would make sense that Mass, which could be said for any intention, would include prayers for the dead.

Your description of the Mass as “human work which profits the mercy of God by what the priest/people do” reveals your ignorance of the Catholic view of the Mass. We believe that it is first and foremost the action of God.
 
You make too many assumptions in my opinion. I think there is evidence that there was diversity in the early Church stucture but that by no means contradicts the Catholic episcopate as it stands today.
It does not contradict the episcopate that the Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches use today. In fact, I do believe that compared to presbyterian or congregational church governance, it is superior in many ways. However, the fact that there was diversity in the early Church does mean that the episcopate as conceived by Rome, Canterbury and Constantinople is not by apostolic, divine command.
 
…I believe this is the cue to bring in Apostolic Succession, that the Patriarchs of the various Sees are the chosen successors of the successors of the apostles, the first of which to come to my mind is that Peter established the See of Rome, and appointed a successor. If you seek to say that the current Popes or Patriarchs are invalid and not of apostolic succession, then I would say that that assumption is sorely mistaken.
 
I’m surprised to hear you say that, Triune.
It does not contradict the episcopate that the Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches use today. In fact, I do believe that compared to presbyterian or congregational church governance, it is superior in many ways. However, the fact that there was diversity in the early Church does mean that the episcopate as conceived by Rome, Canterbury and Constantinople is not by apostolic, divine command.
 
I’m surprised you see the episcopal system as a divine development. Most Lutherans with whom I speak feel that the early church was consisting of presbyters and episkopoi and they really were the same position of authority to begin with.

The Scriptures support this to some degree. We hear Peter refer to himself as a presbyter in his Epistle. Paul calls himself both and they seem to be mentioned interchangeably. The Protestant position is that they were the same and then, due to the size of congregations and dioceses, the terms were discerned into two and eventually one monarchical episkopos rose in each diocese to have authority over the area. Ignatius, Polycarp, and the gang show us this. Allegiance to the bishop was paramount by that time.

From a Lutheran point of view, the three-fold episcopacy model was no longer considered crucial, the priesthood of all believers stressed and out of that one man was to be called-out, a pastor, for each congregation. There are no bishops (except I believe in Sweden) in Lutheranism for the most part.

I would think you’d support, because of your strong sola scriptura beliefs as a Lutheran, the early early early model of presbyters/congregationalism and not think monepiscopacy was of a divine institution.
Surprised by what, oh great and mighty Palantir gazer?
 
I’m surprised you see the episcopal system as a divine development. Most Lutherans with whom I speak feel that the early church was consisting of presbyters and episkopoi and they really were the same position of authority to begin with.

The Scriptures support this to some degree. We hear Peter refer to himself as a presbyter in his Epistle. Paul calls himself both and they seem to be mentioned interchangeably. The Protestant position is that they were the same and then, due to the size of congregations and dioceses, the terms were discerned into two and eventually one monarchical episkopos rose in each diocese to have authority over the area. Ignatius, Polycarp, and the gang show us this. Allegiance to the bishop was paramount by that time.

From a Lutheran point of view, the three-fold episcopacy model was no longer considered crucial, the priesthood of all believers stressed and out of that one man was to be called-out, a pastor, for each congregation. There are no bishops (except I believe in Sweden) in Lutheranism for the most part.

I would think you’d support, because of your strong sola scriptura beliefs as a Lutheran, the early early early model of presbyters/congregationalism and not think monepiscopacy was of a divine institution.
I don’t believe that the episcopacy is by divine command. I believe that an episcopal model may be the best model of the three major ones in Christian churches, but I do not believe that any one form of church government is given by God to the Church. There are, of course, inherent dangers in an episcopal structure. I think this bears itself out in the papacy. Congregational models are okay, except that I am not exactly sure the congregation as democracy is ideal, given that the laity are untrained in theological matters. Though it seems, at least within Lutheranism, that congregational votes tend to only be about things like finances, calling pastors, etc. The theological issue may be more of a problem in Baptist churches. Presbyterian is certainly a strong form of government, except that Presbyterians also believe that presbyteries are by divine command as well. They may not believe in apostolic succession, but they do believe their form of church government is commanded by God. However, they do benefit from not having the congregation dictate anything to them.

I think your analysis in your second paragraph is correct about the historical development of the episcopate. Be that as it may, Lutheranism, while it has always held that church government is an institution of men for church order, never directly intentioned to separate from an episcopal structure. At the time of the Reformation, singular bishops in Germany ran the diocese, with presbyters serving in individual congregations. The idea of a congregational vote, as it occurs in WELS and LCMS churches nowadays, would have been unheard of.
 
I don’t believe that the episcopacy is by divine command. I believe that an episcopal model may be the best model of the three major ones in Christian churches, but I do not believe that any one form of church government is given by God to the Church. There are, of course, inherent dangers in an episcopal structure. I think this bears itself out in the papacy. Congregational models are okay, except that I am not exactly sure the congregation as democracy is ideal, given that the laity are untrained in theological matters. Though it seems, at least within Lutheranism, that congregational votes tend to only be about things like finances, calling pastors, etc. The theological issue may be more of a problem in Baptist churches. Presbyterian is certainly a strong form of government, except that Presbyterians also believe that presbyteries are by divine command as well. They may not believe in apostolic succession, but they do believe their form of church government is commanded by God. However, they do benefit from not having the congregation dictate anything to them.

I think your analysis in your second paragraph is correct about the historical development of the episcopate. Be that as it may, Lutheranism, while it has always held that church government is an institution of men for church order, never directly intentioned to separate from an episcopal structure. At the time of the Reformation, singular bishops in Germany ran the diocese, with presbyters serving in individual congregations. The idea of a congregational vote, as it occurs in WELS and LCMS churches nowadays, would have been unheard of.
I would agree with most of this-all forms of church government have benefits and weak points and it seems the Apostles tried to take that into account and mix things up depending on the region the church was in. Before we totally knowck Congregationalism, it does have its place-some excllent deacons were selected with it. Again, as I stated before it’s a matter of balance and choosing the tool to fit the situation rather than claiming some dogma that applies in all cases.

For those that keep trying to reduce what I’m saying to Scripture only, please note in the past posts the use of history, ECF’s and even Councils-all I’ve said is that they can’t produce conclusions that are clearly contradictory to the plain meaning of Scripture.

Saying the Monarchical Episcopate is “the” teaching of the Apostles for church government is such a contradiction-it is “a” teaching of the Apostles among others, and a valid form of church government, but attempting to dogmatize it and apply it universally invalidates it. 🙂
 
I would agree with most of this-all forms of church government have benefits and weak points and it seems the Apostles tried to take that into account and mix things up depending on the region the church was in. Before we totally knowck Congregationalism, it does have its place-some excllent deacons were selected with it. Again, as I stated before it’s a matter of balance and choosing the tool to fit the situation rather than claiming some dogma that applies in all cases.
They certainly did. I’ve seen it congregationalism work well in many, many instances. Ultimately, the governance of a local congregation is going to be what is best for that local body, what will build them up in the faith, etc.

Interestingly, along a congregational idea, despite the protestations of Catholic apologists that Acts 2 and the election of Matthias is a case for the Apostles choosing Judas’ replacement (i.e. apostolic succession); the text is pretty clear that the entire church that was gathered there selected Matthias, not just the 11.
 
They certainly did. I’ve seen it congregationalism work well in many, many instances. Ultimately, the governance of a local congregation is going to be what is best for that local body, what will build them up in the faith, etc.

Interestingly, along a congregational idea, despite the protestations of Catholic apologists that Acts 2 and the election of Matthias is a case for the Apostles choosing Judas’ replacement (i.e. apostolic succession); the text is pretty clear that the entire church that was gathered there selected Matthias, not just the 11.
Looking at the NT and the ECF’s shows a wide variety of structures: the church in Antioch as described in Acts had a unique leadership structure, as would Jerusalem, given the presence of so many Apostles in its early days. Clement chs 42-45 lays out the doctrine of plural episcopacy as taught in Rome at that time (which explains the “we” language of the epistle)-just imagine being a bishop there while Peter and Paul are present :rolleyes: and we see some of the other ECF’s discussing a monarchical episcopate. Timothy and Titus also present a view of plural leadership-and in the Didache as well as Acts we read of itinerant teachers and prophets, both true and false.

I think Jesus’ words about worrying less about how to be in charge and focusing rather on how to best serve (my paraphrase) are what should guide us when trying to determine church leadership among particular people or in a particular region.
 
I would agree with most of this-all forms of church government have benefits and weak points and it seems the Apostles tried to take that into account and mix things up depending on the region the church was in. Before we totally knowck Congregationalism, it does have its place-some excllent deacons were selected with it. Again, as I stated before it’s a matter of balance and choosing the tool to fit the situation rather than claiming some dogma that applies in all cases.

For those that keep trying to reduce what I’m saying to Scripture only, please note in the past posts the use of history, ECF’s and even Councils-all I’ve said is that they can’t produce conclusions that are clearly contradictory to the plain meaning of Scripture.
The plain meaning of scripture within who’s interpretation?
Saying the Monarchical Episcopate is “the” teaching of the Apostles for church government is such a contradiction-it is “a” teaching of the Apostles among others, and a valid form of church government, but attempting to dogmatize it and apply it universally invalidates it. 🙂
In your opinion. 😉
 
The plain meaning of scripture within who’s interpretation?

In your opinion. 😉
It amuses me how Catholics who believe they need a Magesterium to interpret Scripture for them somehow believe that they can interpret the “plain meaning” of the Magesterial texts. In reality all they have done is pushed the step of self-interpretation back one level. The Bishops aren’t there with you making sure you’ve read and understood the Catechism correctly, nor does the Pope live at your house making sure to correctly explain his latest encyclical until you have it down pat. And yet Catholics disagree on the nature, authority and meaning of these texts.

So, Steve, you can choose to remain in your worlds of “we need an interpreter to understand anything” with its inherent self-referential flaw (i.e. the last level of "“official” interpretation still needs to be interpreted by the end reader) or you can acknowledge that texts have a plain sense which can be discussed amongst those who take the time to study them and inform themselves with regard to language, history, culture, etc.

If I’m eating a hot dog and someone writes about it, there can be debate about whether it was an all-beef hot dog or beef/pork, what the significance of the toppings was (if any) and what was the context in which I was eating it (at a ball game, I was hungry at lunch, etc). The plain sense is that I was eating a hot dog, there can be layers of speculation/interpretation that don’t contradict that plain sense and that may deepen the understanding of those reading.

But if someone comes along and claims to infallibly declare that I am actually eating a hamburger, the folks around us are going to laugh him out of the stadium in a mustard-stained robe. He’s contradicted the plain sense of things-and been rejected in his “interpretation” as a result.

Applying this to the question of the episcopate, shows the same result. As I stated in a previous post:
Non Serviam:
There was diversity on a number of points in the times of the Apostles and to insist that only one of those options is “Tradition” isn’t kosher. Yet many on here do just that and twist and tweak Scrpiture to try and get Paul and some of the ECF’s to read like the current practices of the Catholic church.

If Catholics want to make the argument that the Monarchical Episcopate developed later into the primary form of church government because of efficacy or unity or some other criterion, that’s fine, and the case can be made. That also permits others to make the case that it has an increased risk of abuse of authority and heresy than a plural episcopate. Then discussion can occur and changes can be made as needed.

There’s a difference between something becoming the “norm” and it being the sole teaching of the Apostles. That’s why Scripture is essential in providing a plumb line by which the church’s “balance” can always be measured
We see from Paul’s and John’s writings a plural episcopacy as well as in the Epistle of Clement, likewise we see in other ECF’s a mention of monarchical episcopacy, so there was at least one gvovernance model used in apostolic times (plural episcopacy) and more than one governance model in use in the churchs immediately after the Apostolic period (both plural and monarchical episcopacy). This isn’t opinion, but rather fact-so to claim that the Apostoles’ taught only a monarchical episcopate and thus it is “Tradition” is disproven by the plain sense of Scripture and the historical support from at least one of the ECF’s.

And by the way, that looks like a bit of mustard on your collar. 😉
 
The plain meaning of scripture within who’s interpretation?
The same plain meaning that exists in every other basically rational, written document. Is it really your position that somehow the Bible is THE most difficult book to understand in the history of mankind? I agree there is much to comprehend within it, and it can be misinterpreted, but so can any other writing. As Non Serviam hinted at in his post with interpreting Roman Catholic documents, put a traditionalist Catholic and a more moderate Catholic down at the table with the documents of Vatican II and just watch the amazing level of fraternity that the two of them will have over their meaning.

I don’t know about you, but despite the nuances of the book of Hebrews, it’s still amazingly more understandable than my calculus text book in school. Yet we don’t require infallible interpreters for that!
 
It amuses me how Catholics who believe they need a Magesterium to interpret Scripture for them somehow believe that they can interpret the “plain meaning” of the Magesterial texts. In reality all they have done is pushed the step of self-interpretation back one level. The Bishops aren’t there with you making sure you’ve read and understood the Catechism correctly, nor does the Pope live at your house making sure to correctly explain his latest encyclical until you have it down pat. And yet Catholics disagree on the nature, authority and meaning of these texts.
Lord have mercy.
 
Here is why and how Scripture becomes hard to understand, just as a case demonstration. This isn’t the only example, but I think it’s a pretty good one. Of course, some Protestant groups do this with passages of Scripture as well.

Rom. 3:28: For we hold that one is justified by faith apart from works of the law.

Protestant: “Yay, what a relief. We are so blessed that we are saved by faith alone in Christ!”

Catholic: “It doesn’t say that.”

Protestant: “But, it says we are saved by faith apart from works.”

Catholic: “Yes, but it doesn’t say alone.”

Protestant: “It doesn’t use that word, but it says apart from works. If faith apart from anything else saves, doesn’t that mean its alone?”

Catholic: “Noooo, because it isn’t talking about ALL works, it means works of the Mosaic law.”

Protestant: “Uhm, but it doesn’t say anything about the Mosaic law…”

Catholic: “Yes it does!”

Protestant: “How?”

Catholic: “Because, you see, whenever Paul uses the phrase ‘works of the law,’ he is talking about the Mosaic law, like circumcision.”

Protestant: “But that doesn’t make sense, because circumcision wasn’t part of the Mosaic law, and besides, even if it was the Mosaic law that Paul is talking about, weren’t the commandments part of the Mosaic law?”

Catholic: “But that is not the part of the Mosaic law that Paul is talking about!”

Protestant: “Uhm, how do you know that?”

Catholic: “Matthew 16:18!”
 
LOL LOL…that’s pretty true really. I have noticed over the years in CAF that the argument is always how we are NOT saved through faith alone, but somehow with works. James is always, I mean always, referenced right away. But how exactly the works fit into the formula for salvation I’ve never understood. How, if we are “credited” as Paul says, with righteousness and the Law, as you pointed out a day or two ago in Colossians, is “nailed to the Cross with its legal claims against us” I find it hard to believe in those contexts that legalese can be ignored and infusion and sanctification before justification makes sense? The Law does sound more like the entire moral code of Judaism along with the circumcision and straining of gnats and the rest…

And yes, the final argument is always Matthew 16! 🙂
Here is why and how Scripture becomes hard to understand, just as a case demonstration. This isn’t the only example, but I think it’s a pretty good one. Of course, some Protestant groups do this with passages of Scripture as well.

Rom. 3:28: For we hold that one is justified by faith apart from works of the law.

Protestant: “Yay, what a relief. We are so blessed that we are saved by faith alone in Christ!”

Catholic: “It doesn’t say that.”

Protestant: “But, it says we are saved by faith apart from works.”

Catholic: “Yes, but it doesn’t say alone.”

Protestant: “It doesn’t use that word, but it says apart from works. If faith apart from anything else saves, doesn’t that mean its alone?”

Catholic: “Noooo, because it isn’t talking about ALL works, it means works of the Mosaic law.”

Protestant: “Uhm, but it doesn’t say anything about the Mosaic law…”

Catholic: “Yes it does!”

Protestant: “How?”

Catholic: “Because, you see, whenever Paul uses the phrase ‘works of the law,’ he is talking about the Mosaic law, like circumcision.”

Protestant: “But that doesn’t make sense, because circumcision wasn’t part of the Mosaic law, and besides, even if it was the Mosaic law that Paul is talking about, weren’t the commandments part of the Mosaic law?”

Catholic: “But that is not the part of the Mosaic law that Paul is talking about!”

Protestant: “Uhm, how do you know that?”

Catholic: “Matthew 16:18!”
 
Status
Not open for further replies.
Back
Top